Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from healthy poultry farms in the districts of Abidjan and Agnibilékrou (Côte d'Ivoire)

Abstract

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious challenge to animal and human health worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to determine levels and patterns of AMR of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Côte d'Ivoire with high poultry production: Abidjan and Agnibilékrou. A total of 231 fecal samples were collected in 124 poultry farms in both districts. Enterobacteria were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents using the disk-diffusion method. Results: A total of 212 E. coli and 36 Salmonella strains were isolated. In Abidjan, 139 collected samples generated 101 E. coli and 23 Salmonella strains, whereas in Agnibilékrou, 92 collected samples generated 111 E. coli and 13 Salmonella strains. Variable resistance levels were recorded for the antibiotics tested. The resistance prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella, respectively, was high: Doxycycline (98%/94%), sulfonamide (84%/86%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%/41%), and streptomycin (71%/52%). Average resistance rates were recorded for flumequine (38%/66%), ampicillin (49%/33%), amoxicillin (25%/44%), colistin (26%/2%), chloramphenicol (21%/2%), and gentamicin (4%/47%). The antibiotics least affected by resistance were cefuroxime (4%/5%), ceftriaxone (2%/0.00%), and nitrofurantoin (1%/0.00%). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that resistance to important antibiotics is emerging in poultry production in Côte d'Ivoire. Policies promoting the rational use of antibiotics should be implemented to manage antibiotic resistance in animal production.

Influence of Hygienic Measures on Enterobacteriaceae Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farms

“…The results revealed that multidrug resistance was observed in all Salmonella isolates against four antibiotics or more and in all E. coli isolates against three antibiotics or more (except in O44). This high prevalence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella and E. coli has been previously reported in Egypt (Amer et al, 2018), Bangladesh (Matin et al, 2017), Pakistan (Kamboh et al, 2018), western Algeria (Yahya et al, 2021) and in Côte d'Ivoire (Assoumy et al, 2021).…”

“…Moreover, Salmonella species showed 85.7% resistance against flumequine. In previous studies, this high Salmonella resistance was reported against the same antibiotics in Egypt (Al-baqir et al, 2019), India (Waghamare et al, 2018), Pakistan (Kamboh et al, 2018), Bangladesh (Parvin et al, 2020), western Algeria (Yahya et al, 2021) and Côte d'Ivoire (Assoumy et al, 2021).…”

Identification and characterization of MDR virulent Salmonella spp isolated from smallholder poultry production environment in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria

“…A lower MDR of 52.3% compared to our study was reported previously [67]. High-level resistance has also been documented [56,68,69]. This poses a severe public health threat due to the resistance to a broad range of antibiotics observed in this study and could be a consequence of continuous exposure and extensive usage of these antibiotics in these study areas [27].…”

Multiresistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp Strains in chicken feces intended for consumption in open spaces of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

“…These results are consistent with a study conducted in Bangladesh in 2014, which recorded a prevalence of 87.55% for Escherichia Coli and 66.66% for Salmonella spp, although this was done on litter samples rather than directly in the intestines, increasing the risk of environmental contamination [10]. Similar observations were made in Côte d'Ivoire in 2021, where a high percentage of Escherichia Coli isolates, 91.74%, was observed, but with a lower prevalence of 15.58% for Salmonella spp [11]. In contrast, relatively lower results were reported in Thailand in 2021, with only 33.33% of samples containing Escherichia Coli and 33.34% containing Salmonella spp [12].…”