Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Bacteria in HIV-Infected Patients at the Banka Ad-Lucem Hospital, West Region of Cameroon

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a serious problem throughout the world and especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to define the bacterial aetiologies of enteric disorders and their association with CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count and serum hs-CRP in HIV-seropositive patients coming for consultation at the AD-Lucem Banka Hospital. Stool samples from one-hundred HIV-positive patients with enteric disorders and forty HIV negative patients with enteric disorders were examined for the presence of bacteria by different diagnostic techniques. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count and serum hs-CRP of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were examined, respectively, by flux cytometry and the ELISA solid-phase direct sandwich method. Among all the participants, 39 (26.35%) were males and 109 (73.65%) were females. HIV-seropositive mean age (43.79 years) was significantly higher compared to HIV-seronegative (27.13 years) patients (p<0.000). The average values of CD4+ T-cell count (p<0.0001), lymphocytes (p=0.0258), monocytes (p=0.0317), and total WBC count (p=0.0277) were significantly higher in HIV− patients compared to HIV+ patients. Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were more isolated in HIV+ patients 5 (83.33), 18 (75.00), and 37 (71.15) compared to HIV− patients 1 (16.67), 6 (25.00), and 15 (28.85), respectively. Majority of isolates were susceptible to IPM, NOR, and CIP. Klebsiella pneumoniae, the most prevalent isolate, showed resistance to AMC (45.95) in HIV+ patients, whereas in HIV− patients, Enterobacter aerogenes and Shigella sp. showed resistance to AMC (80.00% and 85.71%, respectively) and to CFM (80.00% and 57.14%, respectively). Enterobacter aerogenes (40.00%) and Shigella sp. (14.29) isolates showed multidrug resistance in HIV− patients, whereas Escherichia coli (5.56%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.70%) showed multidrug resistance in HIV+ patients. Understanding the burden of bacteria disease in HIV patients as shown in the present study is important for planning effective control programs for the overall reduction of bacteria diseases in HIV-infected patients.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Enterobactericeae Isolated from Stool Samples of HIV and AIDS Patients in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…The isolation of one or more enteric Gramnegative bacteria from all the stool samples of the HIV and AIDS patients in this study is in concordance with the 97.0% reported from a similar study in Cameroon [23]. Similarly, isolation of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter aerogenes is in accordance with previous studies where these bacteria were also isolated [11,23,24].…”

Epidemiology and Sensibility Profile of Some Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Stool Samples in Some Douala-Cameroon Hospitals

“…This environment in the city of Douala represents a potential threat to the heath of users related to contaminated resources and the precarious conditions of general hygiene associated with the low purchasing power of the populations. 206 patients were recorded in this study, Marbou and kuete [15] obtained 105 in Mbouda while Ngalani et al, [17] obtained 148 in Dschang -West region of Cameroon. The Difference observed between the number of patients suffering from gastroenteris is in Douala and other town in Cameroon could be due to the fact that Douala is a cosmopolitan region and many water sources in Douala are unhealthy because they contain harmful physical chemicals and bacteria.…”

“…Unfortunately, there is little or no data at national level on the bacteria involved as well as their sensibility to commonly used antibiotics. While it is true that epidemiological data of some localities in the country exists [17], it remains important according to the incidence of the disease within the population to keep a constant surveillance.…”

Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolates is twofold more frequent in HIV‐positive than HIV‐negative individuals: A descriptive observational study

“…They were inconsistently susceptible to LEV, “usually resistant” to MET, and inconsistently susceptible to CLA. One major reason for this increased prevalence in primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance in HIV‐positive individuals is probably increased antibiotic exposure during antibiotherapy (Bell et al, 2014; Krucke et al, 2009; Megraud et al, 2013; Ngalani et al, 2019; Sarfo et al, 2015). Hence, we demonstrate (Appendix 10 and Appendix 3) that aggregate macrolide and quinolone consumption was two times more common among HIV‐positive individuals than their HIV‐negative counterparts from the national database of outpatient antibiotic use in Belgium during the period from 2004 to 2015.…”

“…They were inconsistently susceptible to LEV, "usually resistant" to MET, and inconsistently susceptible to CLA. One major reason for this increased prevalence in primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance in HIV-positive individuals is probably increased antibiotic exposure during antibiotherapy (Bell et al, 2014;Krucke et al, 2009;Megraud et al, 2013;Ngalani et al, 2019;Sarfo et al, 2015).…”