Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from HIV Positive Patients with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Portharcourt, Nigeria

Kemajou, Tchounga S; Ajugwo, Anslem O.

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000594

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In our study the most common isolated organism was E. coli (22.5%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%). This was in concordance with the results of the study by Kemajou [10] .T.S. The study by Michael I.O isolated a higher percentage of E. coli (50%) but a lower percentage of Staphylococcus aureus (10%) [13] .…”

Section: Issn-2321-127xsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Asymptomatic urinary tract infection with multidrug resistant pathogens in retro positive patients on ART

Samreen

2017

Int J Med Res Rev

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Introduction: Asymptomatic urinary tract infection refers to occurrence of bacteria in urine without causing symptoms. UTI is more prevalent among retro positive patients compared to people without HIV. Objectives-The study was done to determine prevalence of UTI, common etiologies and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary isolates among HIV seropositive patients attending ART centre for CD4 counts. Materials & Methods:-A total of 109 patients without any symptoms of UTI were included in the study. AST was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.CD4 count was done using FACS counter. Results: Out of the 109 cases tested, 55 were males, and 54 cases were females. No growth was seen in 60 (55.04%) samples, insignificant bacteriuria in 9(8.26%) samples. Significant growth was seen in 40 samples (36.7%). Among the 54 females, 44% had significant growth. Among 55 males, significant growth was seen in 29.1%. The isolated organisms included Escherichia coli-9(22.5%), Staphylococcus aureus-7(17.5%), Candida albicans-7(17.5%). Bacterial isolates showing resistance to three or more categories of antibiotics were considered Multidrug resistant (MDR). Multidrug resistance was seen among 16 bacterial isolates (48.5%). HIV positive patients with CD4 counts of <200 had higher rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Conclusion: Screening of HIV seropositive patients with lower CD4 counts for asymptomatic UTI helps in early diagnosis and appropriate, early management of MDR will reduce morbidity.

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Section: Issn-2321-127xsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The study by U.C. Essien showed a lower prevalence (19.3%) whereas study by Kemajou T.S showed a higher prevalence (57.3%) [9,10]. In our study the male-female ratio was found to be 1 : 1.53 .…”

Section: Issn-2321-127xcontrasting

confidence: 44%

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection with multidrug resistant pathogens in retro positive patients on ART

Samreen

2017

Int J Med Res Rev

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“…While ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and cefuroxime were the most effective antibiotics invitro for the uropathogens in the present study, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and piperacillin were the least effective. Similar patterns have been observed among isolates in different studies on HIV infected children and adults (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The frequency of isolated bacteria from urine in our study compared favourably with those from other HIV studies in both children and adults across the globe (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). These uropathogens easily get access to the urinary space through retrograde ascent from the host's bowel (5,6) but could also result from nosocomial cause or from haematogenous seeding from distant sites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…While the South African study was a retrospective one carried out among symptomatic hospital patients with culture-proven UTI, the present study was a cross sectional survey of HIV patients on outpatient routine clinic visit. 22, and 57.3% from another Nigerian study among adult population (23). The rate in our study was also higher than the rates reported from other studies among HIV infected children; 9.5% from Zimbabwe (24), 16.8% from Jamaica (3), 13.2% from Romania (25), 6.3%, 10.3% and 6.8% from other studies from Nigeria (18,26,27).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

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Bacteria urinary tract infection in HIV-infected children and adolescents in Abuja, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Aa¹,

Yunusa²

2019

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains the second commonest opportunistic infections among HIV infected children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and causative bacteria of UTI in HIV infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral medications in our health institution. Method: The study was a cross sectional design conducted between October 2017 and March 2018 among HIV infected children and adolescents aged 2 months to 18 years on follow up attendance at the Paediatric Outpatient Special Treatment Clinic (POSTC) of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH). Early morning midstream urine was collected from each participant for urinalysis, microscopy and aerobic bacterial culture. Bacteria were identified from culture by standard microbiological methods and antibiogram of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. Result: Of 166 HIV infected children and adolescents studied, 106 (63.9%) were males, 82 (49.4%) were in age group 5-10 years, and 110 (66.3%) were from lower socioeconomic class. Significant bacteria (UTI) were isolated in 54 (32.5%) subjects, with 38 (70.4%) from females, and 51 (94.4%) from those on first line antiretroviral therapy. Isolates recovered were Escherichia coli 20 (37.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 16 (29.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (14.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (11.1%), and Proteus mirabilis 4 (7.4%). Leucocyturia in 19 (35.2%), nitrituria in 10 (18.5%), and haematuria in 15 (27.8%) subjects with significant bacteriuria were also recorded. Isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin (81.5%), nalidixic acid (74.1%) and cefuroxime (61.1%), while they were resistant to cotrimoxazole (100%), ampicillin (98.1%) and piperacillin (94.4%). Significant difference was observed in the mean CD4 cell count and viral load of subjects with significant bacteriuria compared to those without; 838.6 ± 177.8 versus 1009.9 ± 234.7 cells/μL (p=0.02), and 10, 360.5 ± 471.0 versus 5, 840.8 ± 563.8 copies/ml (p=0.003) for CD4 cell count and viral load respectively. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of UTI among HIV infected children and adolescents, especially in those with high viral load. Routine screening for UTI should be offered to HIV infected children and adolescents with high viral load.

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HLA Class I and Plasma Viral Load of HIV-1 in Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections among Heterosexual Serodiscordant couples in Nigeria

Nm¹,

Luo

Chinweokwu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: This study investigated HLA Class I in Long Term Non-progressors (LTNPs) and plasma viral load in Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections (STIs/RTIs) associated with Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission among serodiscordant couples in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 271 serodiscordant and concordant couples (HIV positive and negative) were enrolled, blood samples were collected from the subjects by venipuncture. HLA class I (with specific primers), plasma viral load, CD4+ analysis was done. Endocervical/urethral swabs and early morning urine samples were collected by standard microbiological methods. These were screened by microscopy, culture, antibiogram, and biochemical tests with a view to identify aetiologic agents of co-infections with HIV. Results: The participants' age ranged from ≥ 21- < 50years. The index whose plasma viral loads were 10,001-100,000 copies/ml had STIs/RTIs 32(60.9% p=0.059). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (22.1%) were isolated from the index (HIV positive subject) while 14.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and 27.2% of E coli were isolated from their partners (HIV negative subject). Staphylococcus aureus and E coli are normal flora but because the patients are Immunocompromised as a result of positivity to HIV, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in this context becomes opportunistic thereby, causing genital tract infections. Staphylococcus from the index showed more sensitivity to Amoxicillin/clavulanate (95.4%/90.4%) compared to the partners (55.1%/73.5%) and more resistant to Ceftazidime (81.4%) compared to the partners (68.9%). LTNPs were 28(8.51%) among the index. HLA-B alleles: B*5701 (9.2%), B*5703 (4.6%) and B*5801(12.5%) were identified for viral control at late stage of HIV infection while A*1 (4.6%), and C*0701 (29.1%) were protective alleles observed. HLA-B*0702 (33.3%), B*4201/A*2301(4.6%) respectively were susceptible alleles associated with seroconversion among LTNPs. Conclusion: The microorganisms isolated from the index were associated with high viral loads and are independent makers to HIV-1 transmission among serodiscordant couples. Individuals associated with HLA class I alleles identified among LTNPs were those significantly associated with resistance and susceptible to HIV-1 infections. Keywords: HLA class I, HIV-1, STIs/RTIs, pLV, Heterosexual serodiscordant couples, and Nigeria.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from HIV Positive Patients with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Portharcourt, Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection with multidrug resistant pathogens in retro positive patients on ART

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection with multidrug resistant pathogens in retro positive patients on ART

Bacteria urinary tract infection in HIV-infected children and adolescents in Abuja, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

HLA Class I and Plasma Viral Load of HIV-1 in Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections among Heterosexual Serodiscordant couples in Nigeria

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