Antibiotic resistance: mitigation opportunities in livestock sector development

Robinson, Timothy P.; Bu, Dengpan; Carrique-Mas, Juan; Fèvre, Eric M.; Gilbert, Marius; Grace, Delia; Hay, Simon I.; Jiwakanon, Jatesada; Kakkar, Manish; Kariuki, Samuel; Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Liu, Juan; Magnusson, Ulf; Ngoc, Pham Thi; Boeckel, Thomas P. Van; Woolhouse, Mark

doi:10.1017/s1751731116001828

Cited by 62 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, we compared antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of E. coli from pigs on these farms. This research question stems from the common assertion that farm intensification, in particular in the pig and poultry sectors, is associated with a more abundant use of antimicrobials, and thereby also with higher levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [10, 14]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today’s intensive livestock production often depends on antimicrobials to maintain the health and productivity of the livestock [10]. Antimicrobials are not only used to treat infectious diseases, but are also sometimes used sub-therapeutically for growth promotion, a practice associated with a high potential for selection of resistant pathogens [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobials are not only used to treat infectious diseases, but are also sometimes used sub-therapeutically for growth promotion, a practice associated with a high potential for selection of resistant pathogens [11]. Intensification of livestock production in many low- and middle-income countries, as exemplified by Thailand’s pig sector [12, 13], is often believed to be driving an increased use of antimicrobials and thereby also an increased emergence of AMR [10, 14]. Here we explored the validity of that assertion in a country with an expanding pig sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Ström

Halje

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundIntensification of livestock production seen in many low- and middle-income countries is often believed to be associated with increased use of antimicrobials, and may hence contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to map antimicrobial use on small- (n = 25) and medium-scale (n = 27) pig farms in north-eastern Thailand, and to compare antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from sows on these farms.MethodsInformation regarding pig husbandry and antimicrobial treatment regimens was obtained by the use of semi-structured questionnaires. Faecal samples were collected from three healthy sows at each farm, and Escherichia coli was cultured and analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. Multilevel regression models were used to compare antimicrobial susceptibility between isolates from small- and medium-scale farms.ResultsAll farms included in the study administered antimicrobials to their sows. Small-scale farmers most commonly (64%) decided themselves when to give antimicrobials and the majority (60%) bought the medicines at the local store or pharmacy, whereas farmers on medium-scale farms always discussed antimicrobial treatment with a veterinarian. Medium-scale farms used a greater diversity of antimicrobials than small-scale farms and did also administer antimicrobials in feed to a higher extent. High levels of antimicrobial resistance to several critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (including ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and ampicillin) were found in isolates from both small- and medium-scale farms. Resistance levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in isolates from medium-scale farms for several of the antimicrobials tested, as well as the level of multidrug-resistance (P = 0.026).ConclusionThe routines regarding access and administration of antimicrobials differed between the small- and medium-scale farms. Although the level of antimicrobial resistance, as well as multidrug-resistance, was higher in isolates from medium-scale farms, it cannot be concluded if this increase is a consequence of a more abundant use of antimicrobials, or a result of differences in administration routines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Ström

Halje

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…All the differences observed may be due to differences in study design or difference in geographical distribution of different clones, but they also suggest differences in antimicrobial use between countries. Few studies have so far investigated resistance trends in bacterial isolates from horses: there has been one in France [17], one in the UK [27], two in Canada [9,12], three in the United States [4,6,10] and one in South Africa [13]. Except for Davis et al, these authors analysed annual proportions or proportions grouped together over several years in order to detect linear trends, and thus, they were not able to identify nonlinear variations in trends over time.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France

Bourély

Cazeau

Jarrige

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Horses are one of the potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants that could be transferred to human subjects. Objective To describe the AMR patterns of major bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France. Study design Retrospective observational study. Methods Data collected between 2012 and 2016 by RESAPATH, the French national surveillance network for AMR, were analysed. Only antimicrobials relevant in veterinary and human medicine for the isolated bacteria were considered. Mono‐ and multidrug resistance were calculated. The resistance proportions of major equine diseases were assessed and compared. Where data permitted, resistance trends were investigated using nonlinear analysis (generalised additive models). Results A total of 12,695 antibiograms were analysed. The five most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pantoea spp. and Klebsiella spp. The highest proportions of resistance to gentamicin were found for S. aureus (22.1%) and Pseudomonas spp. (26.9%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli had the highest proportions of resistance to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (15.5 and 26.2%, respectively). Proportions of resistance to tetracycline were among the highest for all the bacteria considered. Resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins was below 10% for all Enterobacteriaceae. The highest proportions of multidrug resistance (22.5%) were found among S. aureus isolates, which is worrying given their zoonotic potential. From 2012 to 2016, resistance proportions decreased in Pseudomonas spp. isolates, but remained the same for S. aureus. For Streptococcus spp. and E. coli, resistance proportions to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole increased. Main limitations Since antibiograms are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could impact the results. Conclusions Such studies are essential to estimate the magnitude of the potential threat of AMR to public health, to design efficient control strategies and to measure their effectiveness. These findings may also guide the initial empirical treatment of horse diseases.

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“…Consequently, there is a substantial incentive to reduce antibiotic use in food production systems to extend the therapeutic efficacy lifespan in both human healthcare and animal welfare (Robinson et al. ; Van Boeckel et al. ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Use by Small‐Scale Farmers for Freshwater Aquaculture in the Upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam

et al. 2019

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This study describes antibiotic use by small-scale freshwater aquaculture farmers in the upper Mekong Delta in southwestern Vietnam and the knowledge and practices surrounding the cause and prevention of aquaculture disease in that region. Forty five farmers were included in the study, of which 19 (42%) cultivated tilapia Oreochromis spp., 13 (29%) Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and 13 (29%) giant river prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Antibiotics were used by farmers of tilapia and Striped Catfish (84% and 69% of farmers, respectively), but not by any of the prawn farmers. Most farmers (72%) used antibiotics for around 3 d when treating diseases, depending on the farmers' economic means and whether the fish recovered, as judged by the farmer. If farmers perceived that the

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Antibiotic resistance: mitigation opportunities in livestock sector development

Cited by 62 publications

References 2 publications

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from diseased horses in France

Antibiotic Use by Small‐Scale Farmers for Freshwater Aquaculture in the Upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam

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