Antibiotic resistance in travellers’ diarrhoeal disease, an external perspective

Abstract

Travellers should be made aware of the problems of antimicrobial resistance in their destination and home countries and offered alternative forms of prophylaxis for TD. Strategies for prevention of TD, other than the use of antibiotics, also need to be emphasized. All healthcare professionals involved in giving advice about TD should be familiar with the epidemiology of the condition as this will inform responsible behaviours, risk assessment and management strategies in different geographical areas.

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a meeting report

“…Drug-resistant pathogens have been found in every continent; however, differences between countries in the prevalence of AMR depend on multiple factors including levels of antibiotic consumption, access to clean water, adequate sanitation, vaccination coverage, the availability of quality healthcare, and access to high-quality medical products. Increasing international travel has played a key role in the spread of drug-resistant pathogens including but not limited to MRSA and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae [7–9], increased the proportion of drug-resistant enteric pathogens causing travellers’ diarrhoea [10–24], and generally increased the number of travellers infected by drug-resistant pathogens [25, 26]. Globally, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were estimated to cause 3.7 million to 6.4 million bloodstream infections, and 28.9 million to 50.1 million serious infections, and carbapenem-resistant strains caused 0.4 to 0.5 million bloodstream infections, and 2.7 to 3.1 million serious infections in 2014 [27].…”

Insights into needs of business travelers to China from calls to a medical assistance provider

“…Other studies identified diarrhea as the most frequent infection among travelers originating in high income areas of the world with destinations in lower- and middle-income countries. However, in the past decade decreasing incidence rates have been observed in countries with improving economies, particularly in East Asia [12, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]. In our study, we just identified 3 cases of diarrhea (13.6% of all calls due to “infectious and parasitic diseases”).…”

Travel/Tropical Medicine and Pandemic Considerations for the Global Surgeon

“…Worldwide, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) is rising rapidly. 20,21 Exposure to MDR occurs largely though food-borne or water contact. MDR strains have been identified in nontyphoidal Salmonella, Shigella spp, and Vibrio cholerae.…”

“…MDR strains have been identified in nontyphoidal Salmonella, Shigella spp, and Vibrio cholerae. 21 Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are the most common bacteria found worldwide. [21][22][23] Treatment options for HCWs become limited for both their patients and themselves if they acquire disease in many developing countries.…”