Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance rates are alarming although they vary among populations. Tetracycline and amoxicillin-resistance are very low in most countries. H. pylori resistance can be detected by phenotypic or by molecular methods. Different break points may be used when performing an antimicrobial susceptibility test, so comparing resistance among different populations is challenging. Genomic techniques open new possibilities in the diagnosis of H. pylori, and the detection of H. pylori and its antimicrobial resistance in faeces is an interesting approach. Eradication rates are dependent on the susceptibility of the strain to metronidazole and clarithromycin, being lower in patients infected with a resistant strain.

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Portugal: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Regarding the fluoroquinolones, they act by disturbing DNA synthesis. 26 According to our study, resistance can be as high as 32% in adults, compromising the effectiveness of this regime in the adult population. In fact, when the LVX resistance is higher than 5-10%, levofloxacin-containing triple therapy is not recommended.…”

“…Lastly, rifampicin (RFP) and RFB are both part of the same drug group and their low resistance is due to mutations in the RNA polymerase subunit B. 26 Their use is relatively rare as it is just selected as a rescue therapy when first approaches are ineffective. Until now, in line with our results, there is no relevant resistance to these drugs in Portugal.…”

Coating Nanoparticles with Gastric Epithelial Cell Membrane for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery against Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…However, mutations in H. pylori has led to resistance to CLR and other macrolides, causing a large number of treatment failures. [5] Meanwhile, resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, is also rising rapidly. As a result, H. pylori eradication rates with standard triple therapy have declined significantly.…”

Effective antimicrobial activity of rifabutin against multidrug‐resistant Helicobacter pylori

“…The MICs used for MTZ (8 μg/mL), CLR (2 μg/mL), AMX (1 μg/mL), TET (0.5 μg/mL), and FRZ (0.5 μg/mL) were according to the results obtained in our previous studies, 15,25 some were consistent with and some slightly different from other studies. 26 For MIC determination of RFB, brucella blood agar plates containing serial dilutions of antibiotic (0.1-0.02 μg/mL) were used and 0.06 μg/mL was chosen as the desired MIC which was within the range reported in other studies. 11,13,27 Plates were incubated as mentioned earlier and examined after 3-5 days, considering isolates with visible growth as resistant and those without growth, susceptible.…”