Antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in Escherichia coli from poultry farms, southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigated the mechanisms of resistance in 36 E. coli isolated from waste, litter, soil and water samples collected from poultry farms in Southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions of the isolates were determined using the methods of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute and resistance genes detected by PCR. Results: A total of 30 isolates (94%) showed resistance to more than one antimicrobial. Percentage resistance was: tetracycline 81%, sulphamethoxazole 67%, streptomycin 56%, trimethoprim 47 %, ciprofloxacin 42%, ampicillin 36%, spectinomycin 28%, nalidixic acid 25%, chloramphenicol 22%, neomycin 14%, gentamicin 8%, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftiofur, cefotaxime, colistin, florfenicol and apramycin 0%. Resistance genes found among the isolates include bla-TEM (85%), sul2 (67%), sul3 (17%), aadA (65%), strA (70%), strB (61%), catA1 (25%), cmlA1 (13%), tetA (21%) and tetB (17%). Class 1 and 2 integrons were found in five (14%) and six (17%) isolates, respectively, while one isolate was positive for both classes of integrons. Seven out of eight isolates with resistance to ciprofloxacin and MIC ≤ 32 mg/L to nalidixic acid contained qnrS genes. Conclusions: Our findings provided additional evidence that the poultry production environment in Nigeria represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes such as qnrS that may spread from livestock production farms to human populations via manure and water.

Identification of integrons and phylogenetic groups of drug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler carcasses in China

“…In this study, among the 373 tested isolates, class 1 and 2 integrons were identified in 292 (78.28%) and 49 (13.14%) isolates, respectively. Our results showed that the presence of integrons was more widespread than that previously reported in southwest Nigeria, where only 14% of E. coli isolated from poultry farms were positive for class 1 integrons and 17% were positive for class 2 integrons (Adelowo et al, 2014). This is an indication that class 1 integrons were more prevalent in antibiotic-resistant E. coli at the broiler poultry plant in Shandong Province, China.…”

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“…These diseases occur in all age groups of chickens at any period of time, especially the early stages of life. The economic implithe other hand, our result is contrary to a report from poultry farms in Ibadan, Nigeria which reported that 86% of the poultry farms used antibiotics for growth promotion [16]. These reports indicate that farmers in different regions of the country used antimicrobials in poultry for varying purposes.…”

“…These reports indicate that farmers in different regions of the country used antimicrobials in poultry for varying purposes. This may depend on a lot of factors which may include availability of information, educational levels, scale of farming and financial buoyancy [16,33,34].…”

“…Reports revealed widespread presence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in poultry farms and products in many areas around the world [10][11][12][13]. Isolated pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and some other enterobacterias [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Isolation and characterization of enteropathogenic and enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli from dairy products consumed in Burkina Faso

“…The studies on clinical, food and environmental DEC isolated from Nigeria, Egypt, India, and Kenya revealed that the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons are the cause of the resistance of these pathogens to antibiotics. Class 1, and 2 integrons are connected to several resistance genes (cassettes) encoding antibiotic resistance such as dfr for trimethoprim resistance, aac and aad for aminoglycosides, sul for sulfonamides, tet for tetracycline's, cat, and cmlA1 for chloramphenicol, satA1 for streptothricin (Kiiru et al, 2013;Adelowo et al, 2014;Dureja et al, 2014;Ahmed and Shimamoto, 2015). Thus, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and mechanism of antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from milk, pasteurized milk, curds, yogurts, and "déguè" (mixture of yogurt and millet lumps) consumed in Burkina Faso.…”