Antibiotic resistance and mechanisms implicated in fecal enterococci recovered from pigs, cattle and sheep in a Portuguese slaughterhouse

Ramos, Sónia; Igrejas, Gilberto; Capelo-Martínez, José Luis; Poeta, Patrícia

doi:10.1007/s13213-011-0402-7

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…They are also frequently associated with mobile genetic elements harbouring AMR genes and have the potential for resistance to virtually all antimicrobials of importance to human medicine [16]. The importance of enterococci as the third most commonly isolated nosocomial pathogen [17] and the clear relationship between exposure to parental antimicrobials and the development of resistance [18] warrants their ongoing inclusion in any human, animal or food AMR surveillance program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance status of Enterococcus from Australian cattle populations at slaughter

et al. 2017

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Antimicrobial agents are used in cattle production systems for the prevention and control of bacterial associated diseases. A consequence of their use is the potential development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis that are resistant to antimicrobials are of increased concern to public health officials throughout the world as they may compromise the ability of various treatment regimens to control disease and infection in human medicine. Australia is a major exporter of beef; however it does not have an ongoing surveillance system for AMR in cattle or foods derived from these animals. This study examined 910 beef cattle, 290 dairy cattle and 300 veal calf faecal samples collected at slaughter for the presence of enterococci. Enterococcus were isolated from 805 (88.5%) beef cattle faeces, 244 (84.1%) dairy cattle faeces and 247 (82.3%) veal calf faeces with a total of 800 enterococci subsequently selected for AMR testing. The results of AMR testing identified high levels of resistance to antimicrobials that are not critically or highly important to human medicine with resistance to flavomycin (80.2%) and lincomycin (85.4–94.2%) routinely observed. Conversely, resistance to antibiotics considered critically or highly important to human medicine such as tigecycline, daptomycin, vancomycin and linezolid was not present in this study. There is minimal evidence that Australian cattle production practices are responsible for disproportionate contributions to AMR development and in general resistance to antimicrobials of critical and high importance in human medicine was low regardless of the isolate source. The low level of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus from Australian cattle is likely to result from comprehensive controls around the use of antimicrobials in food-production animals in Australia. Nevertheless, continued monitoring of the effects of all antimicrobial use is required to support Australia’s reputation as a supplier of safe and healthy food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance status of Enterococcus from Australian cattle populations at slaughter

et al. 2017

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“…The resistance was encoded by the most typical genes: aph(3’)-IIIa (resistance to kanamycin), ant(6)-Ia (resistance to streptomycin), and aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia (resistance to all clinically available aminoglycosides but not streptomycin) [ 46 ]. These genes have been described as the most common mechanisms of HLAR in Enterococcus strains [ 46 – 48 ]. Other genes responsible for this type of resistance are rarely detected in Enterococcus [ 46 , 47 ] or are not widely evaluated [ 45 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These genes have been described as the most common mechanisms of HLAR in Enterococcus strains [ 46 – 48 ]. Other genes responsible for this type of resistance are rarely detected in Enterococcus [ 46 , 47 ] or are not widely evaluated [ 45 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Multidrug Resistant E. faecalis Strains from Pigs of Local Origin by ADSRRS-Fingerprinting and MALDI -TOF MS; Evaluation of the Compatibility of Methods Employed for Multidrug Resistance Analysis

Nowakiewicz

Ziółkowska

Zięba³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The aim of this study was to characterize multidrug resistant E. faecalis strains from pigs of local origin and to analyse the relationship between resistance and genotypic and proteomic profiles by amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction sites (ADSRRS-fingerprinting) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI -TOF MS). From the total pool of Enterococcus spp. isolated from 90 pigs, we selected 36 multidrug resistant E. faecalis strains, which represented three different phenotypic resistance profiles. Phenotypic resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, phenicols, and lincomycin and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides were confirmed by the occurrence of at least one corresponding resistance gene in each strain. Based on the analysis of the genotypic and phenotypic resistance of the strains tested, five distinct resistance profiles were generated. As a complement of this analysis, profiles of virulence genes were determined and these profiles corresponded to the phenotypic resistance profiles. The demonstration of resistance to a wide panel of antimicrobials by the strains tested in this study indicates the need of typing to determine the spread of resistance also at the local level. It seems that in the case of E. faecalis, type and scope of resistance strongly determines the genotypic pattern obtained with the ADSRRS-fingerprinting method. The ADSRRS-fingerprinting analysis showed consistency of the genetic profiles with the resistance profiles, while analysis of data with the use of the MALDI- TOF MS method did not demonstrate direct reproduction of the clustering pattern obtained with this method. Our observations were confirmed by statistical analysis (Simpson’s index of diversity, Rand and Wallace coefficients). Even though the MALDI -TOF MS method showed slightly higher discrimination power than ADSRRS-fingerprinting, only the latter method allowed reproduction of the clustering pattern of isolates based on phenotypic resistance and analysis of resistance and virulence genes (Wallace coefficient 1.0). This feature seems to be the most useful for epidemiological purposes and short-term analysis.

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“…Enterococci are ubiquitous distributed in nature and a consistent finding in the gastrointestinal tract of several animal species, including the pig [ 13 , 18 , 27 , 28 ]. An association of Enterococci to neonatal porcine diarrhoea has been reported in previous studies [ 13 , 18 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An association of Enterococci to neonatal porcine diarrhoea has been reported in previous studies [ 13 , 18 , 29 , 30 ]. Another noteworthy feature is that this genus is reported to be resistance to several antibiotics [ 27 , 28 ], which could explain why the efficiency of antibiotic treatment of NNPD is variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the bacterial gut microbiota of piglets suffering from new neonatal porcine diarrhoea

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn recent years, new neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NNPD) of unknown aetiology has emerged in Denmark. NNPD affects piglets during the first week of life and results in impaired welfare, decreased weight gain, and in the worst-case scenario death. Commonly used preventative interventions such as vaccination or treatment with antibiotics, have a limited effect on NNPD. Previous studies have investigated the clinical manifestations, histopathology, and to some extent, microbiological findings; however, these studies were either inconclusive or suggested that Enterococci, possibly in interaction with Escherichia coli, contribute to the aetiology of NNPD. This study examined ileal and colonic luminal contents of 50 control piglets and 52 NNPD piglets by means of the qPCR-based Gut Microbiotassay and 16 samples by 454 sequencing to study the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota in relation to NNPD.ResultsNNPD was associated with a diminished quantity of bacteria from the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes while genus Enterococcus was more than 24 times more abundant in diarrhoeic piglets. The number of bacteria from the phylum Fusobacteria was also doubled in piglets suffering from diarrhoea. With increasing age, the gut microbiota of NNPD affected piglet and control piglets became more diverse. Independent of diarrhoeic status, piglets from first parity sows (gilts) possessed significantly more bacteria from family Enterobacteriaceae and species E. coli, and fewer bacteria from phylum Firmicutes. Piglets born to gilts had 25 times higher odds of having NNPD compared with piglets born to multiparous sows. Finally, the co-occurrence of genus Enterococcus and species E. coli contributed to the risk of having NNPD.ConclusionThe results of this study support previous findings that points towards genus Enterococcus and species E. coli to be involved in the pathogenesis of NNPD. Moreover, the results indicate that NNPD is associated with a disturbed bacterial composition and larger variation between the diarrhoeic piglets.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0419-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Antibiotic resistance and mechanisms implicated in fecal enterococci recovered from pigs, cattle and sheep in a Portuguese slaughterhouse

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Antimicrobial resistance status of Enterococcus from Australian cattle populations at slaughter

Antimicrobial resistance status of Enterococcus from Australian cattle populations at slaughter

Characterization of Multidrug Resistant E. faecalis Strains from Pigs of Local Origin by ADSRRS-Fingerprinting and MALDI -TOF MS; Evaluation of the Compatibility of Methods Employed for Multidrug Resistance Analysis

Characterization of the bacterial gut microbiota of piglets suffering from new neonatal porcine diarrhoea

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