Antibiotic Residue Detection in Milk - A Review

Abstract

Methods for antibiotic residue detection in dairy products, especially raw milk, have greatly improved as to their rapidity, accuracy and sensitivity over the past 30 years. An assay requiring overnight coagulation was available in the mid-1950's, whereas now there is an immunologically-based test using monoclonal antibody technology requiring only 6 min. These advances have not come about without extensive research efforts. The following is an overview of the developments and their significance to the dairy industry.

Penicillin in milk—its importance in urticaria

“…Boonk and Van Ketel [5], in 1982, excluded milk and milk produets from the diet in forty-two patients with positive skin tests for penieillin allergy; twenty-two had good or excellent responses whilst only two out of forty patients with negative skin tests improved on the same diet. This indirect evidence supports the role of penieillin in urtiearia but has been eriticized [6].In reeent years, legislation and financial penalties, brought about by public health and eommercial considerations, have led to a reduetion in antibiotie residues in milk, helped by the development of highly sensitive penicillin assays [7]. In the U.K., the reeommended limit for penieillin in milk has been redueed from 0-02 to 0-01 U/ml (January, 1986) but little is known ofthe prevalence of health hazards or ofthe level at whieh safety ean be assured.We undertook an investigation to try to elicit the importance of penicillin residues as a contributory factor in our patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.…”

“…In reeent years, legislation and financial penalties, brought about by public health and eommercial considerations, have led to a reduetion in antibiotie residues in milk, helped by the development of highly sensitive penicillin assays [7]. In the U.K., the reeommended limit for penieillin in milk has been redueed from 0-02 to 0-01 U/ml (January, 1986) but little is known ofthe prevalence of health hazards or ofthe level at whieh safety ean be assured.…”

Quantitative separation of oxytocin, norfloxacin and diclofenac sodium in milk samples using capillary electrophoresis

“…The drug residues if present in milk at more than the tolerance limit may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals and interference with starter cultures for cheese, butter and other dairy products (Santos et al, 2007). The presence of antibiotic residues in milk may also indicate that the milk has been obtained from an animal with a serious infection or with a severe metabolic dysfunction (Bishop and White, 1984), which may be responsible for the promotion of resistant strains of bacteria (Brady et al, 1993). It is common practice to give NOR, OT and DIC sodium together to milk-producing animals in countries like Pakistan; therefore it is of great importance to develop a method for simultaneous analysis of drug residues from milk samples.…”

Determinação simultânea de resíduos de cloranfenicol, tianfenicol e florfenicol em leite bovino por cromatografia eletrocinética micelar

“…O uso difundido de antibióticos pelos produtores e médicos veterinários no tratamento de doenças infecciosas de vacas leiteiras, principalmente nas mastites, e a utilização de drogas na alimentação animal, como suplemento de dietas, têm contribuído para a presença de antimicrobianos no leite bovino [1][2][3] . Outras condições que podem determinar a presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite são a higienização de equipamentos e utensílios da indús-tria e/ou a adição proposital de drogas para encobrir a deficiência na qualidade higiênica do leite e aumentar seu tempo de vida útil 4 .…”