Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Acute Viral Respiratory Diseases

Davis, Starkey D.; Wedgwood, Ralph

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1965.02090020546009

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Most studies investigating the role of antibiotic prophylaxis for upper respiratory tract infections are >50 years old, had small sample size, and were conducted in pediatric or young adult populations. 17 Generally the studies did not demonstrate a reduction in complications. However, a large retrospective analysis of upper respiratory tract infections conducted in the United Kingdom found a similar risk of developing pneumonia within 30 days for patients not treated with antibiotics, which was accentuated in patients >65 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings

Rovelsky

Remington²,

Nevers

et al. 2021

JACEP Open

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus amoxicillin for adults diagnosed with acute sinusitis (AS). A secondary objective compared antibiotic effectiveness in patients meeting risk criteria for treatment failure.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with AS prescribed amoxicillin ± clavulanate within Veterans Affairs emergency departments from 2012-2019 was conducted. The primary outcome was sinusitis-related return visits for amoxicillin versus amoxicillin-clavulanate. Secondary outcomes included 30-day infectious complications, gastrointestinal-related adverse events (AEs), and hospitalizations. Propensity-score matching and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.Results: A total of 89,627 AS patient visits were identified: 18,576 prescribed amoxicillin and 71,051 amoxicillin-clavulanate. Most patients were male (75,604; 84.4%) and afebrile (80,624; 91.7%). The propensity score-matched cohort comprised 17,929 amoxicillin and 42,294 amoxicillin-clavulanate patient visits. There was no difference in sinusitis-related return visits between amoxicillin (4.9%) and amoxicillinclavulanate (5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings

Rovelsky

Remington²,

Nevers

et al. 2021

JACEP Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…General practitioners initiated the practice of prescribing antibiotics, aiming to reduce illness severity, shorten its duration, and prevent complications such as pneumonia or acute otitis media [11]. There is no solid proof from clinical trials to support this [12,13]. According to previous research, the majority of URTIs are actually self-limiting illnesses best managed with symptomatic therapy; additionally, patients are more likely to experience side effects from antibiotic treatment than to benefit from it [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Primary Healthcare Doctors Toward Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Alharbi,

Almutairi

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Unnecessary prescription of antibiotics for patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) carries the potential risk to the development of bacterial resistance.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the behavior of primary healthcare (PHC) physicians toward an antibiotic prescription for URTI, Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia in 2021.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PHC centers in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. The study invited all physicians in the randomly selected 28 PHC centers to participate in the study. A master sheet adopted from a researcher done in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia about the pattern of prescription for URTI was used and included data about socio-demographic characteristics and data about presenting symptoms and signs of URTIs, the clinical diagnosis, type of medication prescribed, and duration of treatment also, included data about the factors that press physicians to prescribe antibiotics and their response. The questionnaire was filled out and returned back by 140 physicians. The collected data were analyzed and tabulated using appropriate statistical tests.Results: The mean age of the studied physicians was 34.4 ± 7.6 years (25-59 years). General practitioners and specialists were 66.4% and 33.6%, respectively. The prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions was 44.3%. The most prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (58.6%) and Augmentin (28.6%). Congested tonsils (87.1%), ear discharge (84.2%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (89.3%) were the most clinical factors that affected physicians' decisions to prescribe antibiotics for URTI. The non-clinical factors affecting physicians' decisions include patient request (52.8%) and press (28.5%), with no statistically significant difference detected between general practitioners and specialists. Conclusion:The study findings indicate the need to develop intervention programs targeting physicians as well as the general population to decrease inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in primary care centers.

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Modification of Recurrent Otitis Media by Short-term Sulfonamide Therapy

Biedel¹

1978

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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\s=b\Alternating cases of upper respiratory infection (URI) occurring within two months of an episode of otitis media were treated with either sulfonamides or decongestants. One hundred three cases of uncomplicated URI were treated with sulfonamide and 98 with decongestant. When adjusted for possible recrudescence rather than recurrence the rate was 4/71 (5.6%) and 15/76 (20%) in the treated and control groups, respectively. This difference is significant (P < .001) and suggests that intermittent prophylactic treatment can modify the recurrence rate of otitis media in children.(Am J Dis Child 132: [681][682][683] 1978) In childhood, acute otitis media is a common and frequently recurring illness that may endanger hearing. In the patient who has recently recov¬ ered from an episode of otitis media a new upper respiratory infection (URI) often results in recurrent otitis.With the advent of the chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics, hope of effective prophylaxis of the bacterial complications of viral illnesses flared, sputtered, and died. Multiple studies1-1 From the Reprint requests to 245 Fourth St Bldg, Bremerton, WA 98310 (Dr Biedel). confirmed that complications follow¬ ing viral respiratory disease were not prevented and antibiotic toxicity and superinfection with resistant bacteria were constant dangers. However, pro¬ phylactic measures directed against certain bacteria are successful. Two examples are the control of recurrent streptococcal infections in patients with acute rheumatic fever and con¬ trol of gonococcal ophthalmia. Long-term prophylactic therapy in recurrent or chronic urinary tract infection also has become a recom¬ mended pattern of treatment.' Since the pathogenesis of recurrent otitis media is believed to be related to defects in Eustachian tube function3 involving either obstruction of venti¬ lation and drainage or excessive reflux of nasopharyngeal contents, the parallel with urinary tract disease is apparent. In addition, the common bacteria of otitis media (Pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus:'K) are relatively susceptible to antibiotic measures.In Alaska, Ensign et alv treated Eskimo children with sulfamethoxypyridazine for a period of nine months, with a 56% reduction in the incidence of draining ears. Maynard et al" conducted a double-blind study using continuous ampicillin prophy¬ laxis for a period of one year in Eski¬ mo children, with an overall 47% reduction in episodes of otorrhea and a 67% reduction where medication compliance was good. Perrin et al" used sulfisoxazole over a period of six winter months in a double-blind study of 54 children who previously had experienced an increased incidence of otitis media. There were four cases of otitis in the treatment period com¬ pared to 21 in the control period, a reduction of 81%.Many pediatricians have attempted to modify the recurrences of otitis with their own empiric routines. This study is a test of one such program in a primary care pediatrie practice. Using a low-cost sulfonamide rather than a broad-sp...

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Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Acute Viral Respiratory Diseases

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings

Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin versus amoxicillin‐clavulanate among adults with acute sinusitis in emergency department and urgent care settings

The Behavior of Primary Healthcare Doctors Toward Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Modification of Recurrent Otitis Media by Short-term Sulfonamide Therapy

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