Antibiotic products of fungi

Symbiont‐specific responses to environmental cues in a threesome lichen symbiosis

“…Metabolic interactions between lichenized fungi and their photosynthetic partners have been shown to affect the production of lichen substances, some of which have antibiotic (Gazzano et al, 2013; Shrestha & St. Clair, 2013) or growth‐inhibitory properties (Ocampo‐Friedmann & Friedmann, 1993; Ranković & Mišić, 2008). Penicillin is a known fungal β‐lactam antibiotic which mainly controls gram‐positive bacteria (Holtman, 1947) and isopenicillin N synthetase is essential for the production of penicillin (Müller et al, 1991). Velvet domain‐containing proteins play a role in secondary metabolism and antibiotic biosynthesis in fungi like Penicillium and Aspergillus (Kato et al, 2003; Kopke et al, 2013).…”

“…The five top differentially expressed genes of each organism and parameter in question with functional annotation & Friedmann, 1993;Ranković & Mišić, 2008). Penicillin is a known fungal β-lactam antibiotic which mainly controls gram-positive bacteria (Holtman, 1947) and isopenicillin N synthetase is essential for the production of penicillin (Müller et al, 1991). Velvet domain-containing proteins play a role in secondary metabolism and antibiotic biosynthesis in fungi like Penicillium and Aspergillus (Kato et al, 2003;Kopke et al, 2013).…”