Antibiotic-induced disruption of commensal microbiome linked to increases in binge-like ethanol consumption behavior

The Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Substance-Related Disorders

“…Following a similar strategy, we found that the altered bacterial phyla level also correlated with morphineinduced preference (Zhang et al, 2020) (Hawkins, 2009;Green and Drake, 2011). As mentioned above, alcohol-induced anxiety/depression could be produced by FMT from alcohol-exposed donors and relived by probiotic treatment (Reyes et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020). In a study by Reyes et al (2020), 2 weeks of antibiotic pretreatment relieved anxiety symptoms during alcohol withdrawal, and the level of Firmicutes negatively correlated while Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia positively correlated to alcohol intake.…”

“…As mentioned above, alcohol-induced anxiety/depression could be produced by FMT from alcohol-exposed donors and relived by probiotic treatment (Reyes et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020). In a study by Reyes et al (2020), 2 weeks of antibiotic pretreatment relieved anxiety symptoms during alcohol withdrawal, and the level of Firmicutes negatively correlated while Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia positively correlated to alcohol intake. Plenty of other addictive substances, such as MA or ketamine, are frequently reported as various psychotic symptoms (McKetin et al, 2017), while tons of clinical and basic studies have proved the interaction between these mental disorders and gut microbiome (Sharon et al, 2016;Barbosa and Vieira-Coelho, 2020;Chinna Meyyappan et al, 2020;Zagorska et al, 2020).…”

“…This team also found that the abundance of Firmicutes increased while Bacteroidetes decreased in alcoholism, and mice receiving FMT from these patients showed anxiety/depressionlike behaviors (Zhao et al, 2020). Another research found that after 2 weeks of antibiotic pre-treatment, the level of Firmicutes decreased importantly and the levels of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia increased, accompanied by increased alcohol intake and relief of anxiety symptoms during alcohol withdrawal (Reyes et al, 2020). An interesting study collected fecal samples from human donors of alcohol use disorders who showed higher depression scores and alcohol craving with lower F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila.…”

“…The relative abundances of Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were positively correlated with alcohol-use behavior, while the relative abundances of Desulfovibrio, Gemella, Coriobacteriaceae, and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium were negatively correlated with total alcohol consumption (Jadhav et al, 2018). In 2020, a study from Reyes et al found that after 2 weeks of antibiotic pretreatment, the spontaneous alcohol intake of mice in the drinking in the dark model increased significantly, and the intestinal Bacteroides increased while Firmicutes decreased (Reyes et al, 2020). These findings suggest that gut microbiome is significantly associated with individual susceptibility to alcohol, and changing gut microbiome can change an individual's susceptibility to alcohol.…”

Clostridium butyricum Induces the Production and Glycosylation of Mucins in HT-29 Cells

“…Human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is inhabited by trillions of bacteria with more than 1000 identified species, with a density of 10 11 bacterial cells per gram wet weight in the colon contents (Rehman et al, 2011;Parker et al, 2020). These intestinal bacteria involve in many critical physiological functions related to host health (Kaur et al, 2020;Reyes et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2020). In healthy individuals, the composition of intestinal microbiota usually remains in constant equilibrium for a long period of time (Guo et al, 2020;Leon-Coria et al, 2020).…”