ANTIBIOTIC CONTROL OF TISSUE REACTIONS IN DOGS VACCINATED WITH VIABLE CELLS OF
            <i>COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS</i>

Castleberry, M. W.; Converse, John L.; Soto, Peter J.

doi:10.1128/jb.87.5.1216-1220.1964

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It seems unlikely, however, that nonspecific immunity is a major factor. In previous intraperitoneal studies with live and formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines (3), the protective effects have been confirmed in subcutaneously immunized monkeys (4, 5) and dogs (1,2) challenged by the respiratory route. Moreover, the histologic changes in the immunized and control animals were similar regardless of the route of immunization and challenge (3,5 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines was maintained with both routes of immunization and challenge (1,2,3,5).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although surviving animals appear outwardly healthy, they retain the organism in the tissues in a viable state for long periods of time. Pappagianis et al (18,19) and Converse et al (3)(4)(5) have shown in both monkeys (M. iris and M. mulatta) and mice, and Castleberry et al (2) in dogs, that experimental viable C. immitis vaccines are far superior to nonviable vaccines in their protective effect against infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Irradiated Arthrospore Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis in Mice

Pulliam¹,

Converse²,

Snyder³

et al. 1967

J Bacteriol

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An experimental irradiated (6'Co) arthrospore vaccine against coccidioidomycosis protected approximately 75% of mice from death after an intraperitoneal challenge sufficient to kill approximately 90% of the nonimmunized control mice. Although the majority of the immunized mice became infected with Coccidioides immitis, the histologic lesions were substantially less severe than those in the nonimmunized controls, particularly in the pulmonary region. Although arthrospores irradiated with 1, 2, or 3 million roentgens lost their ability to multiply in various laboratory media (probably through interference with cell division), partial conversion to the parasitic phase (spherule) was observed after animal inoculation (rounding out of arthrospores into immature spherules, but without development of endospores). Duration of viability of these structures has yet to be determined. The value of nonviable vaccines in experimental coccidioidomycosis has been extensively investigated in several laboratory animals. The guinea pig was used in studies by Negroni, Vivoli, and Bonfiglioli (16) and by Vogel et al. (23). The studies of Friedman and Smith (6) and Converse et al. (3) were made in mice. Very thorough and extensive studies in mice, comparing the parasitic and saprophytic phases of Coccidioides immitis as antigens, various routes of inoculation, various schedules of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines was maintained with both routes of immunization and challenge (1,2,3,5).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Irradiated Arthrospore Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis in Mice

Pulliam¹,

Converse²,

Snyder³

et al. 1967

J Bacteriol

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“…34,[56][57][58][59][60] Various animal models have been used during this time including mice, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, and simians. 1,34,56,59,61,62 In many early studies mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously using a variety of preparations including killed arthroconidia, mycelia fragments or spherules, or live organisms and then challenged by intraperitoneal or pulmonary routes. 19,23,45,46,60,62 Interestingly, studies done in mice demonstrated that administration of spherules or endospores intravenously rather than intramuscularly or subcutaneously resulted in impaired immunity and lack of protection to challenge.…”

Section: Vaccine Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Animal Models of Coccidioidomycosis

Clemons¹,

Capilla²,

Stevens³

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Experimental models of coccidioidomycosis performed using various laboratory animals have been, and remain, a critical component of elucidation and understanding of the pathogenesis and host resistance to infection with Coccidioides spp., as well as to development of more efficacious antifungal therapies. The general availability of genetically defined strains, immunological reagents, ease of handling, and costs all contribute to the use of mice as the primary laboratory animal species for models of this disease. Five types of murine models are studied and include primary pulmonary disease, intraperitoneal with dissemination, intravenous infection emulating systemic disease, and intracranial or intrathecal infection emulating meningeal disease. Each of these models has been used to examine various aspects of host resistance, pathogenesis, or antifungal therapy. Other rodent species, such as rat, have been used much less frequently. A rabbit model of meningeal disease, established by intracisternal infection, has proven to model human meningitis well. This model is useful in studies of host response, as well as in therapy studies. A variety of other animal species including dogs, primates, and guinea pigs have been used to study host response and vaccine efficacy. However, cost and increased needs of animal care and husbandry are limitations that influence the use of the larger animal species.

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“…It was noted, however, that in some instances (particularly in the higher vaccine doses) untoward tissue reactions (ulcerated vaccination site and axillary lymphadenopathy) resulted from the injection of the viable vaccine. We indicated (Converse et al, 1962b) that various strains of C. immitis, used as viable vaccines, exhibited substantial differences in tissue reactions to inoculation, and (Castleberry, Converse, and Soto, 1964) that these tissue reactions could be controlled in dogs by oral amphotericin B therapy at the time of vaccination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Control of Tissue Reactions in Monkeys Vaccinated with Viable Coccidioides immitis by Prevaccination with Killed Coccidioides immitis

et al. 1965

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Control of tissue reactions in monkeys vaccinated with viable Coccidioides immitis by prevaccination with killed Coccidioides immitis. J. Bacteriol. 90:783-788. 1965.-Control of undesirable tissue reactions resulting from the subcutaneous injection of 150 viable arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis (strain D-76) was obtained by four injections of formalin-killed arthrospores 14, 12, 8, and 4 weeks (total dose, 36 mg) before injection of the viable arthrospores. Only 6 and 12% of these vaccinated animals exhibited ulceration and lymphadenopathy, respectively, as compared with 100 and 83% of the animals receiving only the viable vaccine. Agar-gel immunodiffusion precipitin titers of approximately 1:64 were evident 3 months after vaccination in animals receiving both vaccines, as compared with 1:128 in those injected with the viable vaccine alone. The above data indicated that somatic reactions to injection of a viable vaccine could be eliminated by preinjection of a killed vaccine. However, 6 months after vaccination, respiratory challenge (7,500 strain Cash arthrospores) indicated that this treatment also impaired the protective effect of the viable vaccine. All animals receiving both vaccines developed mild pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, whereas only 50% of the animals receiving only the viable vaccine were infected. In addition, the group receiving both vaccines demonstrated a more rapid and higher postchallenge precipitin titer. All vaccinated animals (those receiving the killed, the viable, or a combination of the two vaccines) survived for 4 months after challenge, as compared with 88% mortality (50% within 14 days) in the nonvaccinated controls.

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ANTIBIOTIC CONTROL OF TISSUE REACTIONS IN DOGS VACCINATED WITH VIABLE CELLS OF COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Experimental Irradiated Arthrospore Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis in Mice

Experimental Irradiated Arthrospore Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis in Mice

Experimental Animal Models of Coccidioidomycosis

Control of Tissue Reactions in Monkeys Vaccinated with Viable Coccidioides immitis by Prevaccination with Killed Coccidioides immitis

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