Antibiograms and Risk Factors of Salmonella Isolates From Laying Hens and Eggs in Jimma Town, South Western Ethiopia

Taddese, Diriba; Tolosa, Tadele; Deresa, Benti; lakow, Matios; Olani, Abebe; Shumi, Eshetu

doi:10.21203/rs.2.11223/v2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, Sanchez-Salazar et al (2019) obtained 31 Salmonella isolates from layer poultry farms in central Ecuador in 2017, 58.1% (18/31) of which were MDR. Taken together, these findings corroborate reports showing that MDR Salmonella is prevalent in eggs ( Garedew et al, 2015 ; Bezerra et al, 2016 ; Taddese et al, 2019 ). In the current study, almost all S. Indiana and S. Enteritidis isolates derived from poultry farm C were MDR strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence, Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Genotype of Salmonella in Eggs From Poultry Farms and Marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China

Zheng

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poultry products such as eggs provide essential nutrients to the human body and thus play vital roles in the human food network. Salmonella is one of the most notorious foodborne pathogens and has been found to be prevalent in eggs. To better understand the characteristics of Salmonella in eggs, we investigated the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in 814 fresh eggs collected from poultry farms and retail marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. The serotype, genotype, and antibiotic susceptibilities of 61 Salmonella isolates recovered from the eggs were analyzed. The average detection rate of Salmonella -positive eggs was 5.6%, with 6.6% of the eggs collected from poultry farms and 5.1% from marketplaces. Thirteen serotypes were identified from the 61 isolates, among which Salmonella Typhimurium (24.5%) and Salmonella Indiana (22.9%) were the most prevalent serotypes. Other dominant serotypes included Salmonella Thompson (13.1%) and Salmonella Enteritidis (11.4%), with the remaining nine serotypes detected at low rates (1.6–4.9%). All the Salmonella isolates tested were resistant to sulfisoxazole (100.0%). The majority (77.1%) of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin, while nearly two-thirds (63.9–68.9%) were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. The rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin was 40.1%; the resistance rates to streptomycin, ceftiofur, and ceftriaxone ranged from 21.3 to 26.2%; and those to gentamicin, amikacin, and cefoxitin were relatively low (3.3–16.4%). Forty-nine (80.3%) Salmonella isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, 20 (32.8%) of which were resistant to at least 10 antibiotics. Subtyping by pulse-field gel electrophoresis revealed a close genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates from poultry farms, in striking contrast to the high diversity of the isolates obtained from marketplaces. Isolates of the same serotype always shared identical genotype and antibiotic resistance profiles, even the ones that were recovered from eggs sampled at different locations and times. These findings indicate that diverse Salmonella spp. with high rates of multidrug resistance are prevalent in fresh eggs in the study area. More attention should be paid to egg production, transportation, and storage to prevent foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella .

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence, Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Genotype of Salmonella in Eggs From Poultry Farms and Marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China

Zheng

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Salmonella spp. was isolated in 2.6%−18% of egg content and egg sandwich samples collected from either retailers, producers and restaurants (Muleta and Ashenafi, 2001;Bayu et al, 2013;Ejo et al, 2016;Kemal et al, 2016;Taddese et al, 2019). Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 4.3% of eggs sampled at retailer (Gebretsadik et al, 2011).…”

Section: Poultry and Egg Value Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne disease hazards and burden in Ethiopia: A systematic literature review, 1990–2019

Gazu¹,

Alonso²,

Mutua³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundFoodborne disease (FBD) affects millions of people each year, posing a health burden similar to malaria, tuberculosis or HIV. A recent World Bank study estimated the productivity losses alone attributed to unsafe food within Africa at $20 billion in 2016, and the cost of treating these illnesses at an additional $3.5 billion. Ethiopia faces multiple food safety challenges due to lack of infrastructure and basic pre-requisites for food safety such as clean water and environment, washing facilities, compounded by limited implementation of food safety regulations, and a lack of incentives for producers to improve food safety. A consolidation of our understanding and evidence of the source, nature and scale of FBD in Ethiopia is needed to inform policy and future research. We performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of publications on FBD occurrence in Ethiopia including hazard presence and impact.MethodThe SLR followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and CAB-Direct for relevant publications between 1990 and 2019 (inclusive). Observational studies and reviews were included. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and retained publications were reviewed in full for quality and data extraction.ResultIn total 128 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles focused on the identification of biological hazards in food. High levels of microbial contamination in different food value chains were often found in the small, ad hoc, observational studies that dominated the literature. Raw milk (22/128, 17.0%) and raw beef (21/128, 16.4%) were the most studied food products. Foodborne (FB) parasites were often found at higher rates in food than bacterial and viral pathogens, possibly due to differences in ease of identification. High levels of bacterial contamination on the hands of food handlers were widely reported. There were no reports on the incidence of human FBDs or resulting health and economic impacts.ConclusionOur findings reflect existing concerns around food safety in Ethiopia. A lack of substantial, coordinated studies with robust methodologies means fundamental gaps remain in our knowledge of FBD in Ethiopia, particularly regarding FBD burden and impact. Greater investment in food safety is needed, with enhanced and coordinated research and interventions.

show abstract

“…Nontyphoidal Salmonella species are zoonotic agents, and food products of animal origin are the main sources for their transmission [ 67 ]. Poultry [ 66 ], pigs and cattle [ 72 ], and their products like meat, eggs [ 4 , 73 ], and milk [ 74 ] are most commonly identified as food sources responsible for outbreaks of human salmonellosis although the microorganism has also been found in other foodstuff [ 4 ]. Chicken products including eggs are widely acknowledged to be a significant reservoir for Salmonella and have been consistently implicated in sporadic cases and the outbreak of human salmonellosis [ 64 ].…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-contamination of carcasses with Salmonella can also occur during slaughtering operations [ 83 ]. Eggshells and egg contents can be contaminated by this bacterium during egg formation in the hen reproductive system or from the environment including fecal contact [ 74 ]. Fecal or intestinal contamination of carcasses is the principal source of human food-borne infections.…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens

Abebe

Gugsa

Ahmed

2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

275

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food-borne microorganisms are major pathogens affecting food safety and cause human illness worldwide as a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products contaminated with vegetative pathogens or their toxins. Most of these microbes have zoonotic importance resulting in significant impact on both public health and economic sectors. Bacteria are the causative agents of two-thirds of human food-borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. Hence, the objectives of this review paper are to highlight the background of food-borne bacterial pathogens and to review common major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Food animals are the major reservoirs of many food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens, and food products of animal origin are the main vehicles of transmission. Meat, dairy products, and eggs are the main ways by which people are exposed to zoonotic bacteria. S. aureus, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli are the major zoonotic bacterial pathogens which are the causative agents of food-borne illness and death in the world associated with consumption of contaminated animal products. Production of toxins and structural virulent factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of these bacteria. These major zoonotic bacteria cause human infections which are characterized mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other agent-specific symptoms. Some bacteria may cause severe complications. Conventional (culturing), serological, and molecular techniques are important for detection of these common zoonotic bacteria and their toxins in food. Good hygiene, GMP, sanitation in operating procedures, and implementation of standardized HACCP and pasteurization procedures are effective methods for the control and prevention. Currently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria associated with consumption of contaminated animal products is a great concern for the public health, and there should be coordinated surveillance and monitoring system for food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia.

show abstract

Antibiograms and Risk Factors of Salmonella Isolates From Laying Hens and Eggs in Jimma Town, South Western Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence, Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Genotype of Salmonella in Eggs From Poultry Farms and Marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China

Prevalence, Serotype, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Genotype of Salmonella in Eggs From Poultry Farms and Marketplaces in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China

Foodborne disease hazards and burden in Ethiopia: A systematic literature review, 1990–2019

Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About