Antibiogram Profiling of Helicobacter Pylori Strains and the Efficacy of Brassica Capitata Against Resistant Strains Isolated From the Patients Suffering From Gastroduodenal Diseases in Gauhati, Assam

Abstract

Objective: Helicobacter pylori resistance toward commonly used antibiotics is increasing leading to the treatment failure; hence, our aim is to determine the antibiogram susceptibility pattern of H. pylori strains isolated from Guwahati, Assam (Northeast India) and also to test the efficacy of the Brassica capitata against the multi and dual drug-resistant strains of North and Northeast India.Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration of different antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method. Disc diffusion method was used to check the efficacy of B. capitata against clarithromycin (CLR), metronidazole (MTZ), and levofloxacin (LEV)-resistant H. pylori strains.Results: All the H. pylori strains were 100% sensitive to CLR, tetracycline, amoxicillin, and furazolidone. 72.8% of the strains were sensitive toward MTZ and 54.5% were sensitive toward LEV. B. capitata showed good efficacy against the resistant strains of H. pylori of North and Northeast India.Conclusion: Most of the H. pylori strains from Northeast India were sensitive toward the commonly used antibiotics for the treatment regime. B. capitata is effective against H. pylori infection, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapy, and opens the way for further studies on identification of novel antimicrobial targets of B. capitata.

Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in India over the past two decades: A systematic review

“…Mtz R is high (66%-92.4%) in all six regions of India except Assam (27.2%) 13 and Mumbai (16.7%) 20 and Maastricht III consensus conference suggests that the efficacy of metronidazole reduces if >40% of the population is resistant. 31 However, Mtz R has a limited impact on actual treatment efficacy because of a frequent disconnect between in vitro with in vivo results and the synergistic compensation by other co-administered drugs.…”

“…The highest resistance was noticed in West India with 72.5% (58/80). A high rate of resistance was also observed in South India (42.4%, 183/432) followed by Central India (38.4%,10/26) [13], North India (31.01%, 89/278) and East India (1%, 1/99). In contrast, North-Eastern parts of India have found a 0% rate of resistance (Table 2).…”

“…However, no resistance was detected in North-East-India. 13 In contrast, West India surprisingly has recorded the highest percentage of resistance of 53.8% (43/80). Between studies, heterogeneity was calculated to be high (I 2 = 95.38%, p < 0.0001; 95% CI for I 2 : 93.82 to 96.54).…”

“…In contrast, North-Eastern parts of India have found a 0% rate of resistance (Table 2). 1,13 Between-study heterogeneity was calculated to be high (I 2 = 97.52%, p < 0.0001; 95% CI for I 2 : 96.88 to 98.03). Except for a few studies in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of Amx R was moderately high and some regions had absolutely no signs of resistance (Figure 2C, Figures S5c).…”

Morinda Coreia Has an Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Effect Against the Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate of North-East India

“…De et al showed the good efficacy of curcumin in H. pyloriinfected mouse [33]. Our other studies have shown that the methanolic extract of Paederia foetida [34], methanolic and ethanolic extract Parmelia perlata [35], Embilica officinalis [36], and methanolic and n-hexane extract of Brassica capitata is effective against dual and multidrug resistance H. pylori stain [37]. Our various studies prompted us to explore the efficacy of M. coreia, which is being extensively cultivated in India for the dye which is obtained from the root bark and it is a popular medicinal plant in Thailand.…”