Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of carbapenemase and extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing <I>Escherichia coli</I> and <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> in Abeokuta, South western, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The increased reports of ESBL dissemination from various centres in south western, Nigeria and the recent emergence of carbapenem resistant bacteria prompted the conception of this study. Objectives: To demonstrate the relationship between high molecular weight plasmids and the expression of antibiotic multi-resistance including ESBL and carbapenemase. Methods: We investigated 97 isolates of selected organisms consisting of 67 E. coli and 30 Klebseilla spp for the presence of plasmids expressing ESBL including carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes. Beta-lactamase was determined using acidometric method, while ESBL and carbapenemase activity was determined using the double-disk diffusion test as well as the Modified Hodge test (MHT). Plasmid profiles of ESBL and carbapenemase positive isolates were determined according to standard protocols. Results: An ESBL prevalence rate of 21.6% and carbapenem-resistance rate of 9.3% was recorded. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of ESBL isolates showed 100.0% resistance against Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Erythromycin. Moderate susceptibility was recorded against the Quinolone class of antibiotics; Meropenem remained the most active antibiotic against ESBL isolates with 62.5% against E. coli and 60% against K. pneumoniae. The plasmid profiles of our study isolates ranged from 11.8kbp to 35.5kbp. Conclusion: Due to the relationship between high molecular weight plasmids and multi-drug resistance, we hereby recommend regular molecular surveillance of this form in our study setting.

Evaluation of Apparent Microflora and Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Coliforms Isolated from the Shells of Poultry Eggs in Moscow-Russia

“…In the case of amoxicillin (40%), the results were different from those obtained by Ashish and Rajesh [16] who recorded resistance at a higher level of 80%. On the other hand, the results for this antibiotic were also different from those of Sheikh et al, [19] who recorded resistance of 92.86% whereas Motayo et al, [22] found 16.8%. The results on resistance to Ceftriaxone (1.7%) were in agreement with those obtained by Mahfuzul et al, [9].…”

<p>Plasmid Profiling and Occurrence of β-Lactamase Enzymes in Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> in Kathmandu, Nepal</p>

“…Contrastingly, plasmid sizes ranging from 0.12 kb up to 65 kb were reported from West Nigeria (from 0.12 kb to 23 kb), Kathmandu (from 2.05 kb to >33.5 kb) and southwestern Nigeria (from 11.8 kb to 33.5 kb). 65,68,69 Different plasmids can co-exist in the same host cell. 35 Based on the antibiotic resistance patterns, the high molecular weight plasmid seemed to consist most of the resistance genes as previous studies have also demonstrated that multi-antibiotic resistance is associated with higher molecular weight plasmids.…”

Fecal carriage and phylo-diversity of community-acquired <em>bla</em>_TEM Enteric bacilli in Southwest Nigeria

“…Fecal carriage of high molecular weight R-plasmid (>11.0 kbp) among ESBL types correlated with plasmids encoding resistance to other antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and other antibiotics 34,35. The unfore-seen trend in plasmid-mediated resistance via heavy plasmid coding for ESBL carriage and intestinal colonization of MDR strains to other class of antibiotics may mask the spread of these clones among the residents.…”