Antibiofilm Effects of Heated Scallop Shell Powder on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms

Abstract

Methods to reuse large numbers of scallop shells from the harvesting regions of Japan are being explored. The major component of scallop shells is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which forms the powerful bactericidal agent, calcium oxide (CaO), when heated. Heated scallop shell powder (HSSP) exhibits strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This study investigated the antibiofilm activity of HSSP against the biofilms of Campylobacter jejuni, which is the predominant species in campylobacteriosis. Biofilm samples of C. jejuni were prepared on 0.45 µm filter paper under microaerobic conditions. The HSSP treatment inactivated and eradicated C. jejuni biofilms. The resistance of C. jejuni biofilms to HSSP was significantly higher than that of the floating cells. Moreover, the antibiofilm activity of the HSSP treatment against C. jejuni biofilms was higher than that of NaOH treatment at the same pH. These results indicated that HSSP treatment is an effective method for controlling C. jejuni biofilms.

Calcined waste shells as a promising, eco‐friendly adsorbent, antimicrobial, food preservative, and food packaging material: A mini review

“…Therefore, the major composition of calcined shell powder is CaO, with the minor elements of Pb (2.58 μg/g in clam shell), Cu (14.5 μg/g in clam shell, 17.0 μg/g in clam shell), Cd (17.42 μg/g in clam shell), and Zn (58.2 μg/g in crab shell, 46.9 μg/g in oyster shell) with the calcination temperature up to 800°C (Kao et al, 2018; Suwannasingha et al, 2022). Although the use of Pb and Cd in packaging materials is prohibited, studies found that calcined shell powder is non‐toxic at the concentrations used in food processing and packaging (Kao et al, 2018; Lu et al, 2022; Tsukuda et al, 2022). Therefore, CaO is the vital active ingredient that renders calcined shell powder functional properties.…”

“…Those reviews also discussed the applications of waste shell as livestock feed supplements, agricultural liming agents, shell aggregates, biofilter media, construction materials, and bone material. However, calcined shell powder as a natural preservative is non‐toxic at the concentrations used in food processing and packaging and has been approved as a food additive in Japan (Kao et al, 2018; Lu et al, 2022; Tsukuda et al, 2022). Therefore, calcined shell powder is a promising material in food processing and preservation.…”

Effect of Treatment with Heated Scallop Shell Powder on the Inactivation of Naturally Existing Bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Chicken Meat

“…A scallop shell powder heated at 1000 • C had almost the same antibacterial activity as CaO [5]. Heated seashells, such as heated scallop shells, have been reported to be effective against bacteria [5,14,15], fungi [16,17], heat-resistant bacterial spores [18,19], viruses [20][21][22], and biofilms [23][24][25][26][27]. Recently, manufactured heated scallop shell powder (HSSP) nanoparticles have shown higher antimicrobial activity than microparticles [20,28,29].…”

Biofilm Degradation by Seashell-Derived Calcium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide

“…Thus, their aqueous solutions, dispersions, and suspensions have been investigated as sustainable and halogen-free disinfectants [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Indeed, seashell-derived Ca(OH) 2 and CaO can kill not only planktonic bacterial cells, but also biofilms [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and thus they are promising for developing sustainable and halogen-free biofilm treatment methods. Nevertheless, the biofilm removal efficacy of seashell-derived Ca(OH) 2 and CaO is relatively low despite their excellent bactericidal activities.…”