Antibacterial titanium nano-patterned arrays inspired by dragonfly wings

Abstract

Titanium and its alloys remain the most popular choice as a medical implant material because of its desirable properties. The successful osseointegration of titanium implants is, however, adversely affected by the presence of bacterial biofilms that can form on the surface, and hence methods for preventing the formation of surface biofilms have been the subject of intensive research over the past few years. In this study, we report the response of bacteria and primary human fibroblasts to the antibacterial nanoarrays fabricated on titanium surfaces using a simple hydrothermal etching process. These fabricated titanium surfaces were shown to possess selective bactericidal activity, eliminating almost 50% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and about 20% of the Staphylococcus aureus cells coming into contact with the surface. These nano-patterned surfaces were also shown to enhance the aligned attachment behavior and proliferation of primary human fibroblasts over 10 days of growth. These antibacterial surfaces, which are capable of exhibiting differential responses to bacterial and eukaryotic cells, represent surfaces that have excellent prospects for biomedical applications.

Multi-directional electrodeposited gold nanospikes for antibacterial surface applications

“…The inter-pillar spacing on the substrata used in this study was slightly larger than that of a number of previously reported effective antibacterial surfaces, which would initially suggest that nanofeature height plays an important role in the overall bactericidal behaviour of the substrates. This assertion has been oen speculated and reported in the relevant literature for both experimental 23,[32][33][34]46,49 and theoretical studies 22,38 of naturally occurring and biomimetic antibacterial nanostructures. These studies have also shown that the modication of various surface parameters can signicantly alter the bactericidal activity of the surface.…”

“…20,22,[24][25][26]31,32,[34][35][36]38,[53][54][55][56][57] While the precise mechanism responsible for the antibacterial activity is still the subject of debate, 32,58 the consensus between the results obtained from both experimental [22][23][24][25][26]31,32,38,59,60 and theoretical 32,33 studies suggest that a torsional force is induced across the bacterial membrane upon surface adsorption.…”

“…The smaller, more-rigid, spherical S. aureus cells have a higher probability of attaching in these non-lethal regions than the larger P. aeruginosa cells. These multi-directional, bimodal nanostructures may exhibit a greater biocidal activity than that of the more regular nanostructures previously investigated, including both naturally occuring 23,25,26,32,[34][35][36][53][54][55] and synthetic 24,27,33,37,48,49,54,57,65 surfaces. This occurs because the bacteria are subjected to forces operating in multiple directions during surface adsorption, which limits their ability to evade critical membrane damage, and hence cell death.…”

“…1,14 This approach can be largely divided into two categories, namely (1) antifouling surfaces, whereby the extent of bacterial attachment is limited by an unfavourable surface nano-architecture, [15][16][17][18][19] or (2) antibacterial surfaces, where the surface induces cell lysis during bacterial attachment. 1,2,[20][21][22] In the latter case, the interaction of bacteria with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures prevents biolm formation via a physicomechanical mechanism. 1,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Upon bacterial adsorption, the cell wall experiences a self-induced mechanical stress via the action of the substratum surface, which results in cell lysis, and in-turn, cell death.…”

Novel chemical synthesis and characterization of copper pyrovanadate nanoparticles and its influence on the flame retardancy of polymeric nanocomposites

“…Nanostructured copper vanadates are widely used in applications such as lithium ion batteries34567, antibacterial additive8, Ion-exchange materials9, electrochemical properties101112 and catalyst1314. There are different types of mixed oxides based on vanadium and copper such as (CuV 2 O 6 )1516, (Cu 2 V 2 O 7 )1718, (Cu 3 V 2 O 8 )1920, (Cu 5 V 2 O 10 )21 and Cu 3 (OH) 2 V 2 O 7 ·nH 2 O722.…”