Antibacterial test and toxicity of plant seed extracts: a review

Abstract

Allah has instructed all humankind to eat permissible healthy food according to His guidance as narrated in Al-Quran. Following Maqasid as-Shari’ah, it is a Darruriyyah to ensure the safety of food as an act of protecting life. Therefore, the application of antibacterial agent on food aims to improve the consumers’ health and control the herd immunity. Plant seed is a newly emerged alternative as a source of antibacterial agents. Commonly discarded, the utilisation of plant seed will not only reduce environmental waste issue but also benefited economically to many industries. This article was aimed to review the current literature on antibacterial test and toxicity of various plant seed extracts that potentially contributed to the efficacy of the seed. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the antibacterial activity assay of the plants' seeds. It covers endpoint and descriptive methods, plant seed toxicity and application of the seed extract in food industries. This review was conducted using the various science-based platform such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Emerald etc. The keywords ‘antibacterial’, ‘antibacterial seed’, ‘seed extract’ and ‘toxicity seed’ was used in this search.

Chemometrics-based evaluation on effect of sonication, contact time and solvent-to-solid ratio on total phenolics and flavonoids, fatty acids and antibacterial potency of Carica papaya seed against S. enteritidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis

“…Further investigation on the antibacterial variables, only MIC 50 SE, MIC 50 VV and MIC 0 SE had the strong FL (Figure 2 (a)) due to PCA measures variances in the dataset. This variance measurement fit for continuous variables compared to the end-point MIC value of pathogens (Sowhini et al, 2020). Hence, recording the antibacterial activity of Carica papaya seed extract would be better in MIC 50 and MIC 0 instead of MIC.…”

Chemometrics-based evaluation on effect of sonication, contact time and solvent-to-solid ratio on total phenolics and flavonoids, fatty acids and antibacterial potency of Carica papaya seed against S. enteritidis, B. cereus, V. vulnificus and P. mirabilis

“…From the percentage inhibition graphs, the concentration of extract which gave 0% inhibition was also determined as MIC 0 . All determinations were performed in triplicate (Sowhini et al, 2020).…”

“…2 (a)) due to PCA measures variances in the dataset. This variance measurement t for continuous variables compared to the end-point MIC value of pathogens (Sowhini et al, 2020). Hence, recording the antibacterial activity of Carica papaya seed extract would be better in MIC 50 and MIC 0 instead of MIC.…”

Halal antimicrobials in food: A review on prospects and challenges of antimicrobials from animal sources

“…The concept of halal is not only confined to permitted food, but also its nutritious value and safety for consumption. This concept has led to the broader halal purpose in which halal and toyyiban involve two elements; halal means are justified by Shariah while toyyiban means safe, healthy, nutritious, and good quality (Sowhini et al, 2020). Toyyiban aspect applies to safe and food that is non-contaminated with microorganisms.…”

“…The application of the FAA dose should be based on the maximum use level and toxicity value to comply with the manufacturing of halal and toyyiban food products and reduce the adverse effects on consumers (Sowhini et al, 2020). Repeat-dose toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity information have become the threshold for food application (Feigenbaum & Worth, 2019).…”