Antibacterial Screening of Secreted Compounds Produced by the Phase I Variant of Photorhabdus luminescens

Inman, Floyd L.; Holmes, Leonard D.

doi:10.1007/s12088-012-0307-6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, Hu et al (2006) also isolated, identified, and chemically synthesized a novel antimicrobial compound, 1,2-isopropyl-5-(3phenyl-oxiranyl)-benzene-1,3-diol (syn. 2-Isopropyl-5-(3phenyl-2-oxiranyl)-1,3-benzenediol) from the larvae of Galleria mellonella infected with the Heterorhabditis megidis Photorhabdus are also known to produce several other SM compounds with broad-spectrum antibiotic properties (McInerney et al, 1991a(McInerney et al, , 1991bMaxwell et al, 1994;Webster et al, 2002;Eleftherianos et al, 2007;Waterfield et al, 2009;Inman and Holmes, 2012;Clarke, 2016). One of them is carbapenem molecule, which is a prominent class of b-lactam antibiotic, which was first identified and characterized by Derzelle et al (2002).…”

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

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Kusakabe

Orozco

2017

Journal of Nematology

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Gram-negative Photorhabdus bacteria have a dual lifestyle: they are mutualists of Heterorhabditis nematodes and are pathogens of insects. Together, this nematode-bacterium partnership has been used to successfully control a wide range of agricultural insect pests. Photorhabdus produce a diverse array of small molecules that play key biological roles in regulating their dual roles. In particular, several secondary metabolites (SM) produced by this bacterium are known to play a critical role in the maintenance of a monoxenic infection in the insect host and are also known to prevent contamination of the cadaver from soil microbes and/or predation by arthropods. A few of the SM this bacteria produce have been isolated and identified, and their biological activities have also been tested in laboratory assays. Over the past two decades, analyses of the genomes of several Photorhabdus spp. have revealed the presence of SM numerous gene clusters that comprise more than 6% of these bacteria genomes. Furthermore, genome mining and characterization of biosynthetic pathways, have uncovered the richness of these compounds, which are predicted to vary across different Photorhabdus spp. and strains. Although progress has been made in the identification and function of SM genes and gene clusters, the targeted testing for the bioactivity of molecules has been scarce or mostly focused on medical applications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of Photorhabdus SM, emphasizing on their activity against plant pathogens and parasites. We further discuss their potential in the management of agricultural pests and the steps that need to be taken for the implementation of Photorhabdus SM in pest management.

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Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

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Kusakabe

Orozco

2017

Journal of Nematology

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“…As the bacterial population reaches stationary phase, production of secondary metabolites, in particular antimicrobials, and an unknown "food signal" is initiated. The secreted antimicrobials are speculated to be a defense mechanism used to ward off competing microbes that may cause the cadaver to putrefy [21,22]. Additionally, researchers suggest that unidentified food signals induce IJs to shed their protective sheaths and continue development to complete their life cycle [23,24].…”

Section: Nematode Biology and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of entomoparasitic nematodes <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>

Kooliyottil¹,

Upadhyay²,

Inman³

et al. 2013

OJAS

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Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae are microscopic entomoparasitic nematodes (EPNs) that are attractive, organic alternatives for controlling a wide range of crop insect pests. EPNs evolved with parasitic adaptations that enable them to "feast" upon insect hosts. The infective juvenile, a non-feeding, developmentally arrested nematode stage, is destined to seek out insect hosts and initiates parasitism. After an insect host is located, EPNs enter the insect body through natural openings or by cuticle penetration. Upon access to the insect hemolymph, bacterial symbionts (Photorhabdus luminescens for H. bacteriophora and Xenorhabdus nematophila for S. carpocapsae) are regurgitated from the nematode gut and rapidly proliferate. During population growth, bacterial symbionts secrete numerous toxins and degradative enzymes that exterminate and bioconvert the host insect. During development and reproduction, EPNs obtain their nutrition by feeding upon both the bioconverted host and proliferated symbiont. Throughout the EPN life cycle, similar characteristics are seen. In general, EPNs are analogous to each other by the fact that their life cycle consists of five stages of development. Furthermore, reproduction is much more complex and varies between genera and species. In other words, infective juveniles of S. carpocapsae are destined to become males and females, whereas H. bacteriophora develop into hermaphrodites that produce subsequent generations of males and females. Other differences include insect host range, population growth rates, specificity of bacterial phase variants, etc. This review attempts to compare EPNs, their bacterial counterparts and symbiotic relationships for further enhancement of mass producing EPNs in liquid media.

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“…Photorhabdus are known to produce an array of toxins and secondary metabolites [5,6], and together with their nematode-hosts they are potent insect killers. The Photorhabdus-Heterorhabditis pair provides a tractable genetic model to study animal-microbes relationships [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Investigation of Photorhabdus Bacteria for Nematode-Host Specificity

et al. 2016

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Majority of animals form symbiotic relationships with bacteria. Based on the number of bacterial species associating with an animal, these symbiotic associations can be mono-specific, relatively simple (2-25 bacterial species/ animal) or highly complex ([10 2 -10 3 bacterial species/animal). Photorhabdus (family-Enterobacteriaceae) forms a mono-specific symbiotic relationship with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis. This system provides a tractable genetic model for animal-microbe symbiosis studies. Here, we investigated the bacterial factors that may be responsible for governing host specificity between nematode and their symbiont bacteria using proteomics approach. Total protein profiles of P. luminescens ssp. laumondii (host nematode-H. bacteriophora) and P. luminescens ssp. akhurstii (host nematode-H. indica) were compared using 2-D gel electrophoresis, followed by identification of differentially expressed proteins by MALDI-TOF MS. Thirty-nine unique protein spots were identified -24 from P. luminescens ssp. laumondii and 15 from P. luminescens ssp. akhurstii. These included proteins that might be involved in determining host specificity directly (for e.g. pilin FimA, outer membrane protein A), indirectly through effect on bacterial secondary metabolism (for e.g. malate dehydrogenase Mdh, Pyruvate formate-lyase PflA, flavo protein WrbA), or in a yet unknown manner (for e.g. hypothetical proteins, transcription regulators). Further functional validation is needed to establish the role of these bacterial proteins in nematode-host specificity.

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Antibacterial Screening of Secreted Compounds Produced by the Phase I Variant of Photorhabdus luminescens

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

A comparative analysis of entomoparasitic nematodes <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>

Proteomic Investigation of Photorhabdus Bacteria for Nematode-Host Specificity

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Antibacterial Screening of Secreted Compounds Produced by the Phase I Variant of Photorhabdus luminescens

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

A comparative analysis of entomoparasitic nematodes &lt;i&gt;Heterorhabditis bacteriophora&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Steinernema carpocapsae&lt;/i&gt;

Proteomic Investigation of Photorhabdus Bacteria for Nematode-Host Specificity

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A comparative analysis of entomoparasitic nematodes <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>