Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI)

Zhang, Olivia Lili; Niu, John Yun; Yin, Iris Xiaoxue; Yu, Ollie Yiru; Mei, May Lei; Chu, Chun Hung

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12091350

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Various researchers have proposed taking advantage of the antibacterial activity of gallic acid. The antibacterial mechanisms of gallic acid include bacterial-membrane pore formation, increased membrane permeability, and changes in the physicochemical properties of bacteria [ 28 , 29 ]. In addition, gallic acid can penetrate bacterial cell membranes, resulting in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and biofilm formation, protein and enzyme inactivation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation

Dechsri,

Suwanchawalit,

Patrojanasophon

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) have gained recognition because of their good biocompatibility, easy preparation, and excellent phototherapy properties. In biomedicine applications, CNPs are widely applied as photodynamic agents for antibacterial purposes. Photodynamic therapy has been considered a candidate for antibacterial agents because of its noninvasiveness and minimal side effects, especially in the improvement in antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, compared with conventional antibiotic medicines. Here, we developed CNPs from an active polyhydroxy phenolic compound, namely, gallic acid, which has abundant hydroxyl groups that can yield photodynamic effects. Gallic acid CNPs (GACNPs) were rapidly fabricated via a microwave-assisted technique at 200 °C for 20 min. GACNPs revealed notable antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of GACNPs in S. aureus and E. coli were equal at approximately 0.29 mg/mL and considerably lower than those in gallic acid solution. Furthermore, the GACNP-loaded hydrogel patches demonstrated an attractive photodynamic effect against S. aureus, and it was superior to that of Ag hydrofiber®, a commercial material. Therefore, the photodynamic properties of GACNPs can be potentially used in the development of antibacterial hydrogels for wound healing applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation

Dechsri,

Suwanchawalit,

Patrojanasophon

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…Thus, it should be an effective antimicrobial peptide. Our study demonstrated that GAPI can inhibit the growth of common oral pathogens and the formation of cariogenic biofilms under laboratory conditions [ 20 ]. Moreover, GAPI enhanced the remineralisation of demineralised enamel in a chemical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Caries Effects of a Novel Peptide on Dentine Caries: An In Vitro Study

Zhang,

Niu,

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm and remineralising effects of peptide GAPI on artificial dentin caries. After creating artificial carious lesions, eighty dentine blocks were randomly assigned for treatment twice daily with GAPI (GAPI group) or deionised water (control group). Both groups underwent a 7-day biochemical cycle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed S. mutans with damaged structures that partially covered the dentine in the GAPI group. The dead–live ratios for the GAPI and control groups were 0.77 ± 0.13 and 0.37 ± 0.09 (p < 0.001). The log colony-forming units for the GAPI and control groups were 7.45 ± 0.32 and 8.74 ± 0.50 (p < 0.001), respectively. The lesion depths for the GAPI and control groups were 151 ± 18 µm and 214 ± 15 µm (p < 0.001), respectively. The mineral losses for the GAPI and control groups were 0.91 ± 0.07 gHAcm−3 and 1.01 ± 0.07 gHAcm−3 (p = 0.01), respectively. The hydrogen-to-amide I ratios for the GAPI and control groups were 2.92 ± 0.82 and 1.83 ± 0.73 (p = 0.014), respectively. SEM micrographs revealed fewer exposed dentine collagen fibres in the GAPI group compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the hydroxyapatite in the GAPI group was more crystallised than that in the control group. This study demonstrated GAPI’s antibiofilm and remineralising effects on artificial dentin caries.

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Potential mechanism of gallic acid‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles against associated genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule, antibacterial and antibiofilm

Khaleel,

Mutter,

Huang

2024

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Antibiotic resistance has increased in recent years, especially for pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae. Discovering and developing new drugs is challenging due to the high resistance of pathogens. Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in recent years to overcome and treat infections. Gallic acid‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs‐GA) were synthesized in a simple and cost‐effective method. The morphology characteristics of synthesized IONPs‐GA were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. IONPs were mostly spherical in shape with sizes ranging between 32 and 61 nm. All analyses used in this study confirmed the successful coating of gallic acid to iron oxide. Biological activities were studied phenotypically and on the molecular level, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, and mRNA levels of capsule‐associated genes. The results showed high antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against different G+ve and G−ve bacteria. The highest activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (43 mm) and K. pneumoniae (22 mm). The MIC of IONPs against K. pneumoniae was 3.12 mg/mL and SEM analysis showed adhering the IONPs‐GA to the cell surface of K. pneumoniae resulted in disrupting the cell membrane. Different concentrations of sub‐MIC inhibited K. pneumoniae biofilm formation with the highest inhibition percentage at ½ × MIC (66.86%). Also, the synthesized IONPs‐GA differently affected the regulation and mRNA level of capsule‐associated genes in K. pneumoniae. The results indicated that IONPs‐GA could be useful in biological applications such as in drug delivery and treatment wide range of pathogens.Research Highlights Gallic acid was successfully coated into iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in a simple way. IONPs‐GA was morphologically characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Evaluation the activity of IONPs‐GA as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and study the potential level of mRNA affected by IONPs‐GA

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Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI)

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation

Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation

The Anti-Caries Effects of a Novel Peptide on Dentine Caries: An In Vitro Study

Potential mechanism of gallic acid‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles against associated genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule, antibacterial and antibiofilm

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