Antibacterial Properties of Nano-Ag Coating on Healing Abutment: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease with a relevant focus on the long-term success of dental implants and implant-supported prostheses. The present study focuses on the antibacterial effect of the silver nanoparticle and investigated the suppression of dental plaque adhesion on implant abutment and/or superstructure by micro-wave assistant nanosilver coating in vivo and in vitro. Nanosilver coating on pure titanium was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In vitro studies were conducted to analyze biocompatibility using MTS assay and fluorescence microscopy with human gingival fibroblasts to evaluate antibacterial activity. During the in vivo study, nanosilver coating was applied to the healing abutments, and the prevention of plaque accumulation on nanosilver coating was confirmed by a split-mouth randomized clinical trial. The aggregation of nano-sized particles was found on the titanium surface with an antibacterial effect. The coating had no cytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts. The result of the clinical trial showed that the coating suppressed the dental plaque adhesion on the healing abutments. Nanosilver coating is a promising material with antibacterial properties and can be used for implant abutments and prostheses for preventing peri-implantitis.

An Updated Review on Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine

“…To begin with, AgNPs-embedded coatings were reported to boost the biological performances of bioinert materials used in orthopedics and orthodontics. The simple modification of titanium implants’ surface with nanosilver resulted in significant antibacterial effects against strains responsible for implant-associated infections while maintaining excellent biocompatibility [ 300 , 301 , 302 ]. Nanotubular titanium oxide surface coated with silver nanowires showed prolonged inhibitory action against S. aureus and E. coli , with more prominent effects against the Gram-positive strain.…”

Antibacterial Effects of Modified Implant Abutment Surfaces for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis—A Systematic Review

“…However, in our opinion this does not comply with an adequate randomization of samples and culture. Further, all discussed in-vitro studies did not describe blinding during the study, such as employing robotic or automated systems, which was Two clinical studies [13,17] were found to be under risk of bias. They were assessed according to bias arising from the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in measurement of the outcome and bias in selection of the reported result [22].…”

“…The extracted data (study design, type of coating, control group, test procedure, influence of abutment coating on cell behavior, influence of abutment coating on bacteria, missing or unclear information) of the included studies can be seen in Table 2. Two clinical studies [13,17] were found to be under risk of bias. They were assessed according to bias arising from the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in measurement of the outcome and bias in selection of the reported result [22].…”

The Influence of Size and Chemical Composition of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles on in vivo Toxicity with Potential Applications to Central Nervous System Diseases

“…Regarding clinical trials related to applications of SNPs and GNPs for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, it is important to point out that, to date, no clinical studies have been conducted for CNS-related applications. Only general controlled clinical trials have been conducted for SNPs and GNPs, including the efficacy of SNPs as anti-cariogenic agents, 30 cariostatic efficacy 31 to prevent plaque accumulation, 32 and in wound healing after anorectal surgery in human patients. 33 In the case of GNPs, most of the trials have focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer using different shapes and coats.…”