Antibacterial Potential of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Poultry-Associated Foodborne Pathogens: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Since the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the poultry industry is currently a serious threat, there is an urgent need to develop a more efficient and alternative antibacterial substance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have exhibited antibacterial efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms. Although the in vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs has been studied, little is known about the antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO NPs against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens. In the present study, ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using Lactobacillus plantarum TA4, characterized, and their antibacterial potential against common avian pathogens (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) was investigated. Confirmation of ZnO NPs by UV-Visual spectroscopy showed an absorption band center at 360 nm. Morphologically, the synthesized ZnO NPs were oval with an average particle size of 29.7 nm. Based on the dissolution study of Zn2+, ZnO NPs released more ions than their bulk counterparts. Results from the agar well diffusion assay indicated that ZnO NPs effectively inhibited the growth of the three poultry-associated foodborne pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using various concentrations of ZnO NPs, which resulted in excellent antibacterial activity as compared to their bulkier counterparts. S. aureus was more susceptible to ZnO NPs compared to the other tested bacteria. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs demonstrated substantial biofilm inhibition and eradication. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular material leakage was quantified to determine the underlying antibacterial mechanisms, whereas a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphological changes of tested bacteria treated with ZnO NPs. The findings suggested that ROS-induced oxidative stress caused membrane damage and bacterial cell death. Overall, the results demonstrated that ZnO NPs could be developed as an alternative antibiotic in poultry production and revealed new possibilities in combating pathogenic microorganisms.

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Application of Novel Silver Nanoparticles against Drug Resistant Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Enteritidis

“…MAHUQ-52 mediated synthesized AgNPs for both K. pneumoniae and S. Enteritidis was 50.0 μg/mL ( Figure 8 ). This MBC value was also well below other antimicrobial agents including NPs against both K. pneumoniae and S. Enteritidis [ 29 , 41 ].…”

“…Similarly, the MIC value of zinc oxide NPs against Salmonella spp. was 80 μg/mL [ 41 ]. MBC is the minimum concentration of antimicrobial agents that fully kill pathogens.…”

Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles, Their Applications, and Toxicity Prospects

“…Microbe-mediated synthesis involves reduction of metal ions into metal NPs with enzymes and other biomolecule compounds of the microbes, viz., bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae (Mohd Yusof et al, 2021). Herein NPs are formed due to oxidation/reduction (O/R) of metallic ions by enzymes, proteins, and sugars (Figure 2).…”

Antimicrobial Effect of Azadirachta indica, gum Stabilized Cobalt Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

“…The rough surface layer of ZnO, which is created by the Co dopant, also helps to improve its antibacterial action 23 . The antibacterial action of ZnO has previously been attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species, the release of Zn 2+ ions, and cell layer instability 24 . The AI gum stabilized ZnO with 7% Co doping has the best antibacterial action against S. aureus.…”