Antibacterial potential and genetic profile of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human normal flora

Razavi

New Microbes and New Infections

et al. 2018

IntroductionThe clinical significance of enterococci is mostly related to its antibiotic resistance which contributes to colonization and infection, in particular amongst the hospitalized patients. The present review has examined the literature to provide a comprehensive data on enterococci antibiotic resistance during the last 20 years in Iran.MethodsSearch engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used to identify all Persian and English-language articles investigating enterococci in Iran from 1996 to 2017. The search terms were “enterococci”, “enterococcal”, “enterococcus”, “Iran”, “bacterial resistance”, “antibiotic resistance” and “resistance”.ResultsDecrease in the resistance trend against ampicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin was observed over a period of 15 years (2001 to 2016) in Iran. During a 10 years period from 2001 to 2015, the rate of resistance among Enterococcus faecalis species was less than Enterococcus faecium. The resistancerate, however, was considerably increased for both species during this period. The mean resistance rates for vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfametoxazol, imipenem and teicoplanin were higher among complicated cases (patients with underlying debilitating disorders) compared to general cases (hospitalized or outpatients with no specific underlying disorder).ConclusionsE. faecalis and E. faecium showed a rise in the mean resistance against all the antibiotics during a 10-year period from 2010 to 2015. With the exception of penicillin and ampicillin, resistance to all antibiotics was higher amongst complicated cases compared to general patients.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise of antibiotic resistance in clinical enterococcal isolates during 2001–2016 in Iran: a review

Razavi

New Microbes and New Infections

et al. 2018

“…This could facilitate bacterial translocation and bile colonization, which may then come into contact with the pancreas. Conversely, Enterococci produce antimicrobial compounds 24 . This may account for decreased bacterial richness in CAP patients observed here, and the increases in Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Serratia , which are pathogenic in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of intestinal microbiota in alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic hepatitis or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis

Ciocan

Rebours

Voican

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH) or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) only in a subset of patients. We aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota profiles of alcoholic patients according to the presence and nature of the complications observed: sAH or CAP. Eighty two alcoholic patients were included according to their complications: CAP (N = 24), sAH (N = 13) or no complications (alcoholic controls, AC, N = 45). We analyzed the intestinal microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial diversity was lower in patients with CAP, who had a global intestinal microbiota composition different from that of AC. The intestinal microbiota composition of these two groups differed for 17 genera, eight of which were more frequent in patients with CAP (e.g. Klebsiella, Enterococcus and Sphingomonas). There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the sAH and CAP groups. However, 16 taxa were more frequent in sAH patients, and 10 were more frequent in CAP patients. After adjustment for confounding factors sAH patients were found to have higher levels of Haemophilus. For alcoholic patients, specific intestinal microbiota signatures are associated with different complications. Patients with CAP and sAH also display specific dysbiosis relative to AC.

“…Enterococcus faecium ( E. faecium ) is one of the most important lactic acid-producing bacterial species belonging to the autochthonous microbiota of human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. The Enterococcus genus is also found in the microbiota of multifarious food sources 12,13 , with some species being commonly used as probiotics in food preservatives or feed additives because they produce antimicrobial substances such as organic acids and bacteriocins 14,15 . These species also exert positive effects on disease incidence, do not carry virulence-factor genes, and are sensitive to specific antibiotics 12,13,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment with probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 ameliorates necrotic enteritis-induced intestinal barrier injury in broiler chickens

Zhen

Geng

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

The dysfunction of tight-junction integrity caused by necrotic enteritis (NE) is associated with decreased nutrient absorption and gut injury in broiler chickens. Although probiotic Enterococcus faecium ( E. faecium ) has been reported to possess immune-regulatory characteristics and can prevent diarrhea in pigs, very little information exists in relation to the specific regulatory impact of E. faecium NCIMB 11181 on NE-induced intestinal barrier injury of broiler chickens. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181 on NE-induced intestinal barrier injury in broiler chickens. The study also aimed to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin these protective effects. One hundred and eighty Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly assigned using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement into two groups fed different levels of dietary E. faecium NCIMB 11181 (0 or 2 × 10 8 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease-challenge groups (control or NE challenged). The results showed that NE induced body weight loss, intestinal lesions, and histopathological inflammation, as well as intestinal-cell apoptosis. These symptoms were alleviated following the administration of probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181. Pretreatment with probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181 significantly upregulated the expression of the Claudin-1 gene encoding a tight-junction protein. Claudin-1 and HSP70 protein expression were also increased in the jejunum regardless of NE infection. Furthermore, NE-infected birds fed with E. faecium displayed notable increases in MyD88, NF-κB, iNOS, PI3K, GLP-2, IL-1β, IL-4, and HSP70 mRNA expression. E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration also significantly improved the animals’ intestinal microbial composition regardless of NE treatment. These findings indicated that addition of E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to poultry feed is effective in mitigating NE-induced gut injury, possibly by strengthening intestinal mucosal barrier function, as well as modulating gut microflora and intestinal mucosal immune responses.