Antibacterial Performance of Protonated Polyaniline-Integrated Polyester Fabrics

Abstract

During the last few years, there has been an increase in public awareness of antimicrobial fabrics, as well as an increase in commercial opportunities for their use in pharmaceutical and medical settings. The present study reports on the optimized fabrication of protonated polyaniline (PANI)-integrated polyester (PES) fabric. Para-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) was used to protonate the PANI fabric and thus grant it antibacterial performance. The results of a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay showed high antioxidant activity of protonated PANI fabric at a scavenging efficiency of 84.83%. Moreover, the findings revealed remarkably sensitive antibacterial performance of PANI-integrated fabric against the following Gram-positive bacteria: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. epidermidis, and S. aureus; and also against the following Gram-negative bacteria: P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X–ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used to determine the changes in the structural and elemental compositions of PANI fabric upon treatment with bacterial strains. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the electrical conductivity value of protonated PANI fabric decreased by one (1) order of magnitude against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, from 3.35 ± 7.81 × 10−3 S cm−1 to 6.11 ± 7.81 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 4.63 ± 7.81 × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the disruption of bacterial membranes and their structures when exposed to protonated PANI fabric; meanwhile, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the fabric retained its thermal stability characteristics. These findings open up potential for the use of antimicrobial fabrics in the pharmaceutical and medical sectors.

Highly Durable Antibacterial Textiles: Cross-Linked Protonated Polyaniline-Polyacrylic Acid with Prolonged Electrical Stability

“…aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively . The acid dopants in the textile were responsible for these inhibition zones and antibacterial activity.…”

“…The simplified version of standard test methods 132-2004 and 86-2005 from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorist were adopted to evaluate textile durability. 28 The nontreated and treated PANI textiles were sewn at all edges to ensure consistent results over the entire surface. The textiles were then submerged in a 200 mL TTE detergent solution and agitated at 60 °C for 30 min in metal-capped bottles.…”

“…As a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) offers an alternative due to its low toxicity, tunable electrical properties, biocompatibility, and ease of preparation. , In a recent review, protonated PANI textiles showed outstanding electrical conductivity and strong antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . Dhivya et al discovered that protonated PANI exhibited a remarkable 2-fold increase in antibacterial efficacy compared to that of its deprotonated counterpart when tested against an array of Gram-positive bacterial species and fungi .…”

“… 8 , 9 In a recent review, protonated PANI textiles showed outstanding electrical conductivity and strong antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 10 Dhivya et al discovered that protonated PANI exhibited a remarkable 2-fold increase in antibacterial efficacy compared to that of its deprotonated counterpart when tested against an array of Gram-positive bacterial species and fungi. 11 Omar et al showed that PANI, with an optimal concentration of 30% (v/v) phytic acid, had an impressive electrical conductivity of 2.15 × 10 –2 S/m.…”

Enhancing the Washing Durability and Electrical Longevity of Conductive Polyaniline-Grafted Polyester Fabrics

“…The fabrication of conductive PANI fabrics was accomplished with the immersion technique, as described in the previous study. − Bare PES fabrics with a size of 5 × 5 cm 2 were immersed in 15 mL of PANI solution. The fabrics were soaked for 30 min at room temperature.…”