Antibacterial hydrogel containing Piper Betel L. extract for acne treatment, an ex vivo investigation

Abstract

Acne vulgaris and acne-like disorders such as gramnegative folliculitis (herein preferred as acne for the entire article), are uncomfortable facial skin problems that possesses a prevalence of 80% in adults 1 . This disease significantly decreases the patient self-confidence and self-esteem, especially in teenagers. There are 4 common causes of acne, namely high sebum production, pilosebaceous follicles keratinization, uncontrolled bacterial growth, and immune-response inflammation. Among them, acne caused by bacteria such as the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (for acne vulgaris) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (for gramnegative folliculitis), are often serious and demand urgent treatments 2-5 . Nevertheless, these treatments, including topical benzoyl peroxide, topical/oral antibiotics, topical retinoids, and isotretinoin, although effective, cause lots of unwanted side effects that pose a significant health risks in patients [6][7] . Thus, numerous alternative approaches have been investigated, namely utilizing the natural plant extracts [8][9][10][11][12][13] . For instance, the green tea polyphenols demonstrates antibacterial action in acne infections and reduce the dermal sebum secretion 11 . To this end, an interesting plant that has gained much attention is the Piper betle L.Belong to the family Piperaceae, Piper betle (Betel vine, Betel, Betle, "Trầu không" [in Vietnamese]), originated from Central and East Malaysia and has been cultivated for more than 2500 years [14][15] , is a popular plant in

Extractions, Standardizations, and In-Vivo Toxicological Investigations of The Vietnamese Fish Mint (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)

“…The foreign matter (i.e., impurities) should not be >2% w/w, and was determined by observation with 50 g of the sample, spreading evenly on a sheet of paper. The percentage of impurities was calculated based on equation (2), where a and p is the weight of the impurities/ash/powderunder-the-sieve and the sample, respectively. The total ash should not be >14% w/w, which was determined by heating the plant powder (2 g) at 400℃ until no carbon remains, following by ash cooling and weighing.…”

“…The total ash should not be >14% w/w, which was determined by heating the plant powder (2 g) at 400℃ until no carbon remains, following by ash cooling and weighing. The percentage of total ash was calculated based on formula (2). The crumbling rate should not be >5% w/w, and was measured by sieving method, in which 100 g of the sample was sieved through a 3.15mm sieve.…”

“…The crumbling rate should not be >5% w/w, and was measured by sieving method, in which 100 g of the sample was sieved through a 3.15mm sieve. The crumbling rate (%) was calculated using equation (2).…”

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IntroductionRecently, research on herbal/traditional medicine and their relevant products have gained increasingly interests in numerous biomedical areas. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] One of the potential herbal plant is Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC, fish mint), a perennial herb with heart-like leaf and stoloniferous rhizome native to Japan, Southeast Asia, and the Himalayas.

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Bào chế hydrogel từ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose chứa metformin và đánh giá tác dụng chống oxi hóa của chế phẩm

“…Một trong những dạng bào chế đang được quan tâm nghiên cứu của ngành công nghiệp mỹ phẩm là hydrogel, thường được sử dụng rộng rãi trong các sản phẩm chăm sóc tóc, trang điểm và chăm sóc da (Huynh et al, 2022;Pham et al, 2021Pham et al, , 2022. Ưu điểm của chế phẩm hydrogel là không gây bết dính, thân thiện với làn da và tạo môi trường dẫn truyền dược chất hiệu quả vào da (Pelen et al, 2016).…”