Antibacterial Efficacy and Surface Characteristics of Boron Nitride Coated Dental Implant: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated bacterial cell proliferation and biofilm adhesion on titanium discs with and without antibacterial surface treatment to reduce the chances of peri-implant infections. Hexagonal boron nitride with 99.5% purity was converted to hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets via the liquid phase exfoliation process. The spin coating method was used for uniform coating of h-BNNSs over titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) discs. Two groups of titanium discs were formed: Group I (n = 10) BN-coated titanium discs and Group II (n = 10) uncoated titanium discs. Two bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans (initial colonizers) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (secondary colonizers), were used. A zone of inhibition test, microbial colony forming units assay, and crystal violet staining assay were used to evaluate bacterial cell viability. Surface characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0 was used to analyze the results. The data were analyzed for probability distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and a non-parametric test of significance was applied. An inter-group comparison was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. A statistically significant increase was observed in the bactericidal action of BN-coated discs compared to uncoated discs against S. mutans, but no statistically significant difference was found against F. nucleatum.

Boron nitride embedded in chitosan hydrogel as a hydrophobic, promising metal-free, sustainable antibacterial material

“…We indeed tentatively propose that the bacteria are damaged by the flattened BN surface, which leads to the death of cells. 37 A suggested mechanism of the CS-BN 1 - f films interacting with the bacterial cells is shown in Fig. 3b.…”

“…Thereafter, on the one hand, BN nanoplates with numerous sharp edges on the surface penetrate and disrupt the cell membranes of the bacteria and cause its inactivation. 17 b ,37 On the other hand, the possible existence of unsaturated B atoms (B radicals) at the BN nanoplates edges could trigger the generation of ROS, leading to cell death. 38 However, as will be commented later, these materials also display interesting antioxidant activity, which could attenuate the damaging effects of ROS and delay many events that contribute to cellular aging.…”

Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product—Terminalia chebula fruit extract in opposition to Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study

“…It has also been employed because several phytochemical components have been associated with the plant extract, primarily the various forms of chebulic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, tannins, amino acids, and flavonoids. Many pharmacological functions have been attributed to these compounds (Nayak et al., 2014 ; Raval et al., 2023 ).…”