Antibacterial Effects of a 940 nm Diode Laser With/ Without Silver Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract

Introduction: The final goal of root canal therapy is to remove of the most bacteria from the root canal. This study aimed at comparing the antibacterial effects of a diode laser with a wavelength of 940nm and silver nanoparticles and the synergic effects of both techniques on Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Ninety single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and prepared with rotary files. The samples were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA17%. Then they were autoclaved and contaminated with E. faecalis suspension (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) for 21 days. The samples were fixed in a microtube and were randomly divided into 4 experimental (n=20) groups and a negative control group (n=10) as follows: Group 1: hypochlorite sodium 5%, Group 2: silver nanoparticle, Group 3: diode laser, and Group 4: diode laser and silver nanoparticle. The samples were obtained from dentin chips before and after the intervention. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Furthermore, alterations in bacterial colonies were entered using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (α=0.05). Results: There was a significant decrease in colony counts for all groups after interventions (P value<0.05). Also, all groups showed more reductions in colony counts compared with the negative control group (P value <0.004). There was a significant reduction for group 1 in comparison with other groups (P value <0.001) and this group had an extreme decrease of colony counts (RCC=100%). There was an important differential between silver nanoparticles and diode laser groups in bacterial counts (P value<0.001) and silver nanoparticles (RCC=83.15%) had more efficiency than the diode laser (RCC=41/33%). RCC of group 4 was 68/52%. Conclusion: Followed by sodium hypochlorite 5%, silver nanoparticles were the most effective antibacterial substances. The 940 nm laser diode had less antibacterial effect compared to its use with silver nanoparticles.

Effect of diode laser irradiation and application of nanoparticle herbal endodontic irrigation solutions on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria

“…Hendi. et al (2021, compared the activated silver nanoparticle irrigant by diode laser 940 nm for 15 sec at 3 times interval together with 5% NaOCI on E. faecalis bacteria and found that NaOCI was significantly more effective [42]. They concluded that laser irradiation could not enhance the effect of silver nanoparticles.…”

Sodium Hypochlorite and Diode Laser in Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: Clinical and Bacteriological Study with Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

“…For instance, irradiation with a diode laser generates thermal and photo-disruptive energy leading to a sublethal damage of the bacteria present in contact with and near the site of irradiation [ 32 ]. The heat and photo-disruptive energy can reach deep areas that the conventional mechanical debridement cannot [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. For instance, this might have increased the disinfection of the epithelial junction, the connective tissue and the periodontal ligaments [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…The heat and photo-disruptive energy can reach deep areas that the conventional mechanical debridement cannot [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. For instance, this might have increased the disinfection of the epithelial junction, the connective tissue and the periodontal ligaments [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In addition, the 980 nm wavelength is in the near infrared light that was shown to be able to directly kill pigmented bacteria that contain protoporphyrin IX such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [ 35 ].…”

The efficacy of 2780 nm Er,Cr;YSGG and 940 nm Diode Laser in root canal disinfection: A randomized clinical trial

“…That was followed by diode laser (Epic X ™, BIOLASE Tech, Irvine, USA) for the activation process, diode laser (ʎ = 940 nm, 1W, source power) was utilized using the E2-14 tip, an endo 200 µm flexible laser tip with a 14 mm length, 1 mm short of the working length, in continuous mode, using the same irradiation protocol as previously mentioned [ 27 ].…”