Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from fish epidermis and epidermal mucus

Hellio, Claire; Pons, Anne-Marie; Beaupoil, Claude; Bourgougnon, Nathalie; Gal, Yves Le

doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00172-3

Cited by 127 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Fish skin mucus thus serves as a repository of a variety of biologically active substances as well as numerous defensive molecules of both the innate and acquired immune system [18,80,81,[96][97][98][99]. Mucus performs a variety of functions (besides inhibition of the invasion and proliferation of pathogenic microorganism) including ion regulation, osmoregulation, lubrication [8,65,81,100], and parenteral care behaviour [101]. The antimicrobial property of epidermal mucus against infectious pathogens (bacteria and viruses) has been demonstrated in different fish species [8,84,[102][103][104][105], and increased expression of one or more of the above-mentioned antimicrobial components in fish epidermal mucus has been observed following microbial stress [106,107], thus supporting the role of epidermal mucus in protecting fishes from infectious pathogens.…”

Section: The Cutaneous Mucus Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many substances with biostatic and biocidal activity (e.g., complement, C-reactive proteins, proteases, lectins, lysozyme, haemolysins, agglutinin, proteolytic enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, antibodies, immunoglobulins) are present and have been identified in the fish epidermis and/or skin mucus [9,18,25,85,96,120]. Although the protective role of the epidermal mucus of fishes has been known for many years [8,100], of great interest at the present is to see the skin mucus as a source for isolation of new and potent antimicrobial components [121]. A brief overview of the most studied immune components of fish mucus is now presented.…”

Section: Innate Immune Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also they inhibit DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses [146]. These AMPs are present in tissues exposed to microorganisms such as mucosal surfaces and skin [100,140,[147][148][149][150] and immune cells such as mast cells [151,152]. Although teleost mast cells are abundant around blood vessels and host-environment interfaces such as the skin, gills, and alimentary tract, their function in defence is not clearly defined.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal's immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.

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Section: The Cutaneous Mucus Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innate Immune Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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“…Taking into account that goblet cells are responsible for producing skin mucus (Ringo et al 2007), the loss of the natural mucosal barrier leads not only to susceptibility of fish to bacterial infections (Lemaitre et al 1996;Hellio et al 2002), but in the case of CyHV-3 this loss also enhances the binding of CyHV-3 to epidermal cells (Raj et al 2011). If the mucus-free epidermis of fish is injured, entry of CyHV-3 through the skin is possible (Raj e al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) to CyHV-3 under no-stress and stress conditions

Pospichal¹,

Pokorová²,

Veselý³

et al. 2018

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus, is the causative agent of the highly contagious koi herpesvirus disease, which is restricted to koi and common carp and causes significant losses in both fish stock. Some experimental investigations have shown that other cyprinid or non-cyprinid species may be asymptomatically susceptible to this virus and might play roles as potential carriers of CyHV-3 or might contribute to persistence of this virus in environment. Therefore, it seems important to verify not only the susceptibility of other cyprinid or non-cyprinid species, but also their ability to transmit CyHV-3 infection to susceptible species. Our previous investigation of the susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) did not reveal the presence of CyHV-3 DNA in the tissues of this species after cohabitation with infected koi. Consequently, we changed the experimental conditions and applied two stress factors (removal of skin mucus and scaring) which would presumably mimic the stress most commonly encountered in the wild. Both experiments (without and with stress factors) consisted of primary and secondary challenges. In both the no-stress and stress experiments, the first challenge was focused only on testing the susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon to the virus. With the secondary challenge, we investigated potential viral transmission from the topmouth gudgeon to healthy naive koi after exposure to stress factors. All fish (dead, surviving and sacrificed) were tested for the presence of CyHV-3 DNA using nested PCR (no-stress experiment) and real-time PCR (stress experiment). After the primary challenge of the no-stress experiment, PCR did not reveal the presence of CyHV-3 DNA in any specimen of cohabitated topmouth gudgeon, but all specimens of dead koi were CyHV-3 DNA-positive. PCR of fish tissues subjected to the secondary challenge did not show the transfer of virus to naive fish. After exposure to stress (removal of skin mucus), qPCR revealed four out of five samples (80%) of topmouth gudgeon to be positive for CyHV-3 DNA. Two out of five samples (40%) of topmouth gudgeon treated by scaring were found to be positive for the presence of viral DNA. Real-time PCR after the secondary challenge did not reveal any viral DNA positivity in specimens of topmouth gudgeon from groups previously exposed to stress. The stress experiments show that removal of skin mucus might potentially lead to susceptibility of topmouth gudgeon to CyHV-3 infection, but the transmission of the virus to koi carp was not observed.

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“…Taylor et al 2005, Penesyan et al 2010, Burke et al 2011, suggesting that the bacteria may be specifically adapted to the microenvironment of their host (Holmström & Kjelleberg 1999, Harder et al 2003. Some fish are known to produce antimicrobial compounds as a protective mechanism against pathogens (Hellio et al 2002, Bragadeeswaran et al 2011, but apparently healthy fish support microbial communities, indicating that the presence of these microorganisms is not necessarily detrimental but may instead benefit the host (Cahill 1990, Austin 2002. For example, bacteria associated with fish have been shown to aid in disease resistance (Olsson et al 1992, Sugita et al 2002, Chabrillón et al 2005, O'Brien & Wright 2011, drag reduction (Bernadsky & Rosenberg 1992), and food digestion (Ganguly & Prasad 2012, Ray et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria associated with lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) exhibit antibacterial activity against known fish pathogens

Stevens¹,

Jackson²,

Olson³

2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Fish support microbial communities that serve a variety of functions, including disease resistance. In addition to fish microbiota acting as a defense against disease, fish mucus often contains antimicrobial compounds. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of bacteria isolated from external surfaces of native (e.g. Indo-Pacific) and invasive (e.g. Western Atlantic, Caribbean) lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) and native Caribbean squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis against 6 known fish pathogens (Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae), and evaluated the antibacterial activity of lionfish mucus against these pathogens and lionfishand squirrelfish-associated bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced for bacteria exhibiting pathogen inhibition, providing information on their taxonomic affiliations. Antibacterial metabolites were produced by 36.2% (54 of 149) of lionfish-derived bacterial cultures, with similar percentages of producing organisms recovered from the native and invaded ranges. Only 1 of 13 squirrelfish isolates inhibited pathogens. Interestingly, similar genera exhibiting antibacterial activity were detected in both ranges (e.g. Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Photobacterium), even though previous work suggested that external bacterial communities were not vertically transmitted. Antibacterial activity was detected after 24 h of growth, and the amount of inhibition did not increase over a 14 d incubation period. Conversely, organic and aqueous mucus extracts from lionfish were not active against the 6 pathogens or against bacteria isolated from lionfish and squirrelfish. These findings indicate that the external bacterial communities of lionfish may provide disease resistance to their hosts, a trait that would enhance the ability of lionfish to successfully establish as an invasive species.

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Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of extracts from fish epidermis and epidermal mucus

Cited by 127 publications

References 27 publications

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

Susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) to CyHV-3 under no-stress and stress conditions

Bacteria associated with lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) exhibit antibacterial activity against known fish pathogens

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