Antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity of a medicinal plant Solanum xanthocarpum

Abstract

The present study describes the phytochemical profiles, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum leaves. Phytochemical analysis results revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, steroids, and phenols. Methanolic extract of plant had a maximum quantity of phenol (28.3 ± 2.0 mg) and flavonoids (25.2 ± 1.2 mg) than others. Similarly, the methanolic extract showed excellent antibacterial activity and exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 ± 0.5 mm), Salmonella typhi (10 ± 0.6 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (9 ± 1.0 mm), and Escherichia coli (7 ± 1.3 mm). The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were reported in the range of 3.2 to 6.9 µg/ml (for MIC) and 6.0 to 14.5 µg/ml (for MBC), respectively. The remarkable antioxidant activity was observed in chloroform and methanol extract on the DPPH radical scavenging activity with the lowest IC 50 value of 197.245 μg/ml (chloroform) and 201.04 μg/ml (methanol) and compared with control (ascorbic acid 239.36 μg/ml). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of six major bioactive compounds as follows; 2,Octylcyclopropene-1-Heptanol (42.81%), Hexadecanoic acid (26.63%), 1-methylene-2b Hydroxymethyl-3,3-Dimethyl-4b-(3Methylbut-2enyl)-C (9.3%), Phytol (7.5%), (1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-Hydroxymethyl-3,3-Dimethyl-4-3-Methylbut-2-Enyl)-C (7.2%). 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-Hexadecen-1-Ol (6.3%). The FT-IR spectrum reflected the presence of the twelve peaks at the range of 3746.38 cm-1 (O-H stretch alcohols), 3424.18 cm-1 (O-H stretch phenols), 2926.01 cm-1 (C-H stretch alkanes), 2857.55 cm-1 (C-H stretch alkanes), 2084.04 cm-1 (-C = C stretch alkynes), 1595.76 cm-1 (N-H bend primary amines), 1402.49 cm-1 (C-C stretch in ring aromatics) and others. This study suggests S. xanthocarpum as a potential candidature for having better antibacterial and antioxidant property and identified several bioactive compounds by GC-MS analysis.

A polyherbal phytogenic additive improved growth performance, health, and immune response in dairy calves

“…Albizia lebbeck is analgesic, anti-infection, and anti-inflammatory (Duke & Bogenschutz, 1994). Solanum xanthocarpum has been reported to be antibacterial, antioxidant (Kumar & Pandey, 2014;Nithya et al, 2018), hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective (Parmar et al, 2010). Hedychium spicatum is used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal, and has cytotoxic activity (Sravani & Paarakh, 2011).…”

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“…Medicinal attributes of Solanum xanthocarpum as revealed by the antioxidant property was reported [47][48][49][50] . S. capsicoides and S. xanthocarpum, which were interchangeably used as the source of raw drug for many Ayurvedic preparations, can be attributed to the same properties as evidenced from the present study.…”

Phytochemical Screening and Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry From “Nephrolepis Exaltata”

“…Among the separating compounds, Neophytadiene was identified at RT 25.671 with 29.2 probability which was reported to be antibacterial [9] and anti-inflammatory actives [10]. At RT 26.628 with 48.2 probability 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol was identified which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities [11]. The antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of "Phytol" have been proven [12].…”