Antibacterial and dermal toxicological profiles of ethyl acetate extract from Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae)

Abstract

BackgroundThe emergence in recent years of numerous resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria to a range of formerly efficient antibiotics constitutes a serious threat to public health. Crassocephalum bauchiense, a medicinal herb found in the West Region of Cameroon is used to treat gastrointestinal infections as well as liver disorders. The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of C. bauchiense was evaluated for its antibacterial activity as well as acute and sub-acute toxicities.MethodsThe plant extract was prepared by maceration in ethyl acetate. Its phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity. The in vivo antibacterial activity of a gel formulation (0.05, 1 and 2% w/v) of this extract was evaluated using a Staphylococcus aureus-induced dermatitis in a murine model. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the dermal sub-acute toxicity of the extract in rats.ResultsPhytochemical screening of the C. bauchiense extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins and sterols. In vitro antibacterial activities were observed against all the tested microorganisms (MIC = 0.04-6.25 mg/ml). Formulated extract-gel (2% w/v) and gentamycin (reference drug) eradicated the microbial infection after five days of treatment. A single dermal dose of this extract up to 32 g/kg body weight (bw) did not produce any visible sign of toxicity. Also, daily dermal application of the C. bauchiense extract gel formulation for 28 days did not show any negative effect, instead some biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT and AST), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were significantly (p < 0.05) affected positively.ConclusionThese results indicate that the C. bauchiense ethyl acetate extract can be used safely for the treatment of some bacterial infections.

Antipsychotic and sedative effects of the leaf extract of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae) in rodents

“…A single dermal dose of this extract up to 32 g/kg body weight did not produce any visible sign of toxicity (Mouokeu et al, 2011). Also, daily dermal application of the Crassocephalum bauchiense extract gel formulation for 28 day did not show any negative effect, instead some biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides were significantly affected positively (Mouokeu et al, 2011). In the course of pharmacological studies, antinociceptive property of the aqueous extract and the alkaloid fraction prepared from the leaves of Crassocephalum bauchiense have already been reported from our laboratory (Taïwe et al, 2012).…”

“…A single dermal dose of this extract up to 32 g/kg body weight did not produce any visible sign of toxicity (Mouokeu et al, 2011). Also, daily dermal application of the Crassocephalum bauchiense extract gel formulation for 28 day did not show any negative effect, instead some biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides were significantly affected positively (Mouokeu et al, 2011).…”

“…Local people of northern and western Cameroon use the Crassocephalum bauchiense extract to relieve toothache and nervousness. It is also used to treat infantile convulsion, cerebral malaria, gastrointestinal infections as well as liver disorders (Arbonnier, 2000;Biholong, 1986;Mouokeu et al, 2011;Taïwe et al, 2012). According to Cameroonian traditional healers, the leaves of Crassocephalum bauchiense are the preferred part of the plant used for treating epilepsy, insomnia and dementia (Adjanohoun et al, 1996;Arbonnier, 2000;Biholong, 1986).…”

“…Previous works have shown that the ethyl acetate extract from Crassocephalum bauchiense has antibacterial activities against all the tested microorganisms (Mouokeu et al, 2011). A single dermal dose of this extract up to 32 g/kg body weight did not produce any visible sign of toxicity (Mouokeu et al, 2011).…”

A new ent-clerodane diterpenoid from Crassocephalum bauchiense Huch. (Asteraceae)

“…is an erect bushy annual herb of about 1 ft high growing in rough open ground in Nigeria and Cameroon (Hutchinson & Dalziel 1963). The plant is used in folk medicine in Cameroon to treat gastrointestinal infections, liver disorders, epilepsy, pain, arthritis, colics, behavioural disturbances in mentally retarded children, inflammatory disorders and neuropathic pain (Arbonnier 2000;Mouokeu et al 2011). In previous studies, the aqueous extract of the leaves showed antinociceptive activity (Taiwe et al 2012 activities (Mouokeu et al 2011(Mouokeu et al , 2013(Mouokeu et al , 2014.…”