Antibacterial and Biofilm Production Inhibition Activity of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil against Salmonella spp. Isolates from Reptiles

Galgano, Michela; Mrenoshki, Daniela; Pellegrini, Francesco; Capozzi, Loredana; Cordisco, Marco; Sambro, Laura Del; Trotta, Adriana; Camero, Michele; Tempesta, Maria; Buonavoglia, Domenico; Laricchiuta, Pietro; Catella, Cristiana; Pratelli, Annamaria; Buonavoglia, Alessio; Corrente, Marialaura

doi:10.3390/pathogens12060804

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the strong antibacterial activity of TEO against oral bacteria species [35] and biofilm-producing bacteria [59,60]. Moreover, EOs act with the same effectiveness of NaOCl on antibiotic-sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacteria, even if organized in biofilms [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thyme Essential Oil As an Antibacterial Irrigant in Root Canal Treatment: In Vitro Preliminary Study

Galgano,

Pellegrini,

Del Sambro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Irrigation is crucial in cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system, because endodontic instruments are unable to reach a large part of the root canal system (isthmuses, accessory canals, apical ramifications) and bacteria that can reside. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is currently used as irrigant in root canal therapies for its non-specific protheolytic and antimicrobial properties, but undesirable effects may be observed especially when used near the terminus of apical foramen. This study aims to evaluate antimicrobial properties of Thyme Essential Oil (TEO) used alone or in combination with NaOCl against different bacterial strains, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. TEO non-cytotoxic concentration (9,28mg/mL) showed antimicrobial properties comparable to NaOCl after 1min of contact, both in presence of organic material (6% sheep blood). Moreover, the combination of TEO and NaOCl did not compromise their individual antimicrobial properties at the same time of contact. These data suggest that TEO could be used as antimicrobial irrigant in root canal therapies in association with NaOCl, to reduce concentration of NaOCl and its undesirable side effects. Due to the absence of cytotoxic effects at tested dilution, TEO could be safely used also near the terminus of apical foramen for its cytocompatibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thyme Essential Oil As an Antibacterial Irrigant in Root Canal Treatment: In Vitro Preliminary Study

Galgano,

Pellegrini,

Del Sambro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Conversely, the utilization of higher concentrations of EOs leads to extensive membrane damage and complete disruption of homeostasis, which ultimately results in the death of cells. Carvacrol and thymol can prevent or interfere with biofilm formation, and they can also eradicate preformed biofilms [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis by Essential Oil Components and the Effect of Storage on the Quality of Chicken

Chen

et al. 2023

Foods

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This research investigates the antibacterial potential of plant essential oil components including thymol, carvacrol, citral, cinnamaldehyde, limonene, and β-pinene against Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). Through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration, three kinds of natural antibacterial agents with the best inhibitory effect on S. Enteritidis were determined, namely thymol (128 μg/mL), carvacrol (256 μg/mL), and cinnamaldehyde (128 μg/mL). Physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics were regularly monitored on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. The findings of this study reveal that both thymol at MIC of 128 μg/mL and carvacrol at MIC of 256 μg/mL not only maintained the sensory quality of chicken, but also decreased the pH, moisture content, and TVB-N value. Additionally, thymol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde successfully inhibited the formation of S. Enteritidis biofilm, thereby minimizing the number of S. Enteritidis and the total aerobic plate count in chicken. Hence, thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde have more effective inhibitory activities against S. Enteritidis, which can effectively prevent the spoilage of chicken and reduce the loss of its functional components.

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“…Hydroxytyrosol and ampicillin were used as positive controls. The determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was recorded as the lowest extract concentration required to kill bacteria after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C [ 67 ]. Moreover, 100 μL was taken from one well above the MIC value and spread on LB agar plates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Olive Pomace Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Application in Active Packaging Films

Fotiadou,

Fragkaki,

Pettas

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Bioactive compounds that can be recovered by the solid wastes of the olive oil sector, such as polyphenols, are known for their significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with potential application in nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Given that industrial demands are growing, and the polyphenol market value is ever increasing, a systematic study on the recovery of natural antioxidant compounds from olive pomace using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was conducted. Single-factor parameters, i.e., the extraction solvent, time, and solid-to-liquid ratio, were investigated evaluating the total phenolic content (TPC) recovery and the antioxidant activity of the final extract. The acetone–water system (50% v/v, 20 min, 1:20 g mL−1) exhibited the highest total phenolic content recovery (168.8 ± 5.5 mg GAE per g of dry extract). The olive pomace extract (OPE) was further assessed for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC, OPE exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 413.6 ± 1.9, 162.72 ± 3.36 and 384.9 ± 7.86 mg TE per g of dry extract, respectively. The antibacterial study showed that OPE attained a minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) of 2.5 mg mL−1 against E. coli and 10 mg mL−1 against B. subtilis. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were identified as the major phenolic compounds of OPE. Furthermore, active chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol (CHT/PVA) films were prepared using different OPE loadings (0.01–0.1%, w/v). OPE-enriched films showed a dose-dependent antiradical scavenging activity reaching 85.7 ± 4.6% (ABTS) and inhibition growth up to 81% against B. subtilis compared to the control film. Increased UV light barrier ability was also observed for the films containing OPE. These results indicate that OPE is a valuable source of phenolic compounds with promising biological activities that can be exploited for developing multifunctional food packaging materials.

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Antibacterial and Biofilm Production Inhibition Activity of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil against Salmonella spp. Isolates from Reptiles

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Thyme Essential Oil As an Antibacterial Irrigant in Root Canal Treatment: In Vitro Preliminary Study

Thyme Essential Oil As an Antibacterial Irrigant in Root Canal Treatment: In Vitro Preliminary Study

Inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis by Essential Oil Components and the Effect of Storage on the Quality of Chicken

Valorization of Olive Pomace Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Application in Active Packaging Films

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