Antibacterial and antioxidant aryl-enclosed macrocyclic polyketide from intertidal macroalgae associated heterotrophic bacterium Shewanella algae

Marine Pharmacology in 2019‐2021: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

“…As shown in Table 1, and Figure 1, in 2019-2021, 13 antiprotozoal (antimalarial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal) and antituberculosis studies with structurally characterized marine natural products (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43), isolated from bacteria, sponges, ascidians, zoanthids, hydroids, fish and algae reported novel pharmacological mechanisms of action targeting Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) lysyl-tRNA synthetase, P. falciparum proteins actin and sortilin, P. falciparum liver-stage parasite, P. falciparum transition ring to early trophozoite transition, amoebae Acanthamoeba castellani programmed cell death induction mechanisms, Trichomonas vaginalis membrane disruption, Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote and amastigotes plasma membrane integrity, Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease cruzain, and Schistosoma mansoni parasite egg-production.…”

“…Kim and colleagues reported that the terpenoids phorbaketal B and C (17,18), derived from the marine sponge Phorbas sp., and determined by transcriptional analysis that their bacterial antibiofilm activity resulted from the inhibition of the "expression of the biofilmrelated hemolysin gen hla and the nuclease gene nuc1" [30]. Kizhakkekalam and colleagues purified an aryl-enclosed macrocyclic polyketide (19), found in the intertidal marine red macroalga Hypnea valentiae-associated heterotrophic bacterium Shewanella algae, that demonstrated both antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivity which correlated with docking "with the active site of target protein, penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a" [31]. Chakraborty and colleagues similarly discovered a macrocyclic polyketide (20), isolated from the marine red macroalga Hypnea valentia-associated heterotropic bacterium Shewanella algae, with siderophore mode of action which correlated with docking "with the binding site of PBP2a" [32].…”

“…Malaria, is a global disease in humans caused by protozoans of the genus Plasmodium (P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. malariae), which as described in the World Health Organization (WHO) website (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria), currently affects several million people worldwide. Alhadrami and colleagues characterized the anthraquinone capillasterquinone B (31), discovered in a coculture of the Red Sea sponge-derived actinobacteria Actinokineospora spheciospongiae strain EG-49 and Rhodococcus sp. UR59, that showed antimalarial activity by binding to Plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase at "several amino acids inside the enzyme's active site" [43].…”

High-throughput sequencing reveals the dominance of Shewanella species in the intestinal microbiota of barbour’s seahorses (Hippocampus barbouri)

“…Moreover, bioactive compounds have been found in Shewanella spp., which may help increase the cytotoxic activity of the host immune response. Some strains have also been proposed as candidates for antibiotic synthesis (Leonardo et al 1999, Kizhakkekalam et al 2020). As a consequence, the availability of cutting-edge technologies and tools, sequenced genomes, rapid growth, and robust metabolism makes In conclusion, the present study shows that high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes provides a reliable method for identifying the composition and structure of bacterial communities within the seahorse intestinal ecosystem.…”