Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Begonia multangula Blume. leaf extract against Candida albicans

Abstract

Candida albicans is a fungus that is included in the normal microbiota of humans. In general, C. albicans remains a lifelong commensal microorganism. This fungus has a hazardous impact. C. albicans can cause infection and is fatal. The spread of this fungus is one of the factors caused by antibiotic resistance, which causes C. albicans to be resistant and form strong colonies (biofilms) to survive. Natural ingredients for treatment is an alternative that is often used by the community because their use is effortless and practical. One of the plants is the leaves of Begonia multangula Blume. This plant is known to have potent antifungal activity, but its antibiofilm activity against C. albicans has not yet been reported in-depth about its antibiofilm. The discovery of new antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is a way to prevent the effects of infections caused by these biofilms. This research is a form of dedication to the effectiveness of Begonia multangula Blume leaf extract in inhibiting and eradicating C. albicans biofilm formation. Planktonic testing, inhibition, and biofilm eradication activity were carried out using the microtiter broth method. Antibiofilm activity of begonia leaves on C. albicans was measured by calculating the minimum concentration of biofilm inhibitor (MBIC50). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. The begonia leaves showed inhibitory activity against the tested C. albicans biofilm formation. Begonia multangula Blume leaf extract 1% gave C. albicans antibacterial activity of 75±0.01% and mid-phase antibiofilm activity of 65.21±0.01% and maturation phase of 50.11±0.01. The results also provided evidence that the ethanolic extract of C. albicans can degrade (eradication) the formation of C. albicans biofilms. Therefore, the ethanol extract of begonia leaves can be developed as a new antibiofilm agent against C. albicans.

Bioactivity Tracing of the Ethanol Extract of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Typical Plant of Kalimantan Island as Antibiofilm of Staphylococcus aureus

“…This result is in line with research by Hamzah, 2021, where it is known that Bajakah Tampala plant compounds provide activity faster than biofilm growth so that biofilm growth cannot form a complex structure and produces more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix which will provide a strong defense against S. aureus [20]. Another theory by Hamzah et al [21] also states that the mechanism of inhibition of biofilm growth can be by penetrating the bacterial cell wall so that it can interfere with communication signals (quorum sensing) between bacteria that play a role in biofilm formation or inactivate genes in bacteria that trigger EPS synthesis [10], so that the test results show a fairly high inhibitory activity. In addition, in the mid-phase of the biofilm, the ethanol extract activity of Bajakah Tampala was different for each concentration.…”

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Ternate Blue Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Flower Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

“…The concentration that can inhibit at least 50% of biofilm formation is considered Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50). 23…”

Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences

“…In addition, many studies have shown that this plant contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids (Karpova et al 2019;Bhattarai and Rana 2020). Furthermore, the compound contributes to antifungal and antibacterial activity (Siregar et al 2018;Tamam et al 2020;Hamzah et al 2022). Based on its potential and utility, B. multangula necessitates special attention to its botany, ecology, physiology, and genetic variation for conservation and development purposes.…”