Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Green Method Using Sargassum Extracts

Abstract

The present work shows the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles through a green method, using sargassum extracts, which provide the reducing and stabilizing compounds. The conditions of the medium in which the reaction was carried out was evaluated, that is, magnetic stirring, ultrasound assisted, and resting condition. UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the synthesis of ZnO with nanometric crystal size. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology and size of the particles depends on the synthesis condition used. It obtained particles between 20 and 200 nm in the sample without agitation, while the samples with stirring and ultrasound were 80 nm and 100 nm, respectively. ZnO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa. A quantitative analysis was performed by varying the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. In all cases, the antibacterial activity against Gram-positives was greater than against Gram-negatives. Ultrasound-assisted ZnO nanoparticles showed the highest activity, around 99% and 80% for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO nanoparticles; the ultrasound-assisted sample exhibited the highest percentage (93%), even above that shown by diclofenac, which was used as a reference. Therefore, the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with sargassum extracts have properties that can be used safely and efficiently in the field of biomedicine.

Sargassum natans I Algae: An Alternative for a Greener Approach for the Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures with Biological and Environmental Applications

“…Unlike the results reported by López-Miranda et al [45], it should be noted that control over the size and morphology of the synthesized nanostructures was obtained in this case. Although it is true that the methodologies used were not comparable, the results obtained could be attributed to the control of the precipitation reaction, followed by the growth, aggregation, self-assembly, and, finally, a stabilization of the products, all this due to the influence of the organic compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols from this Sargassum alga.…”

“…Some products, such as blocks and shoe soles, have been made from Sargassum algae [ 42 ]. It has been reported that these Sargassum algae species have significant antioxidant activity, which can act as a reducing and stabilizing agent in synthesizing nanomaterials [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. On the other hand, it has compounds that can be involved in the stabilization process, giving a particular morphology to the materials.…”

“…In the case of the Mexican Caribbean, Sargassum algae comprises three different species: fluitans III , natans VIII , and natans I [ 48 ], the latter being the one with the highest proportion in some months of the year. In a previous work [ 45 ], the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using extracts from the mixture of these three species of Sargassum algae was reported. However, the results showed little control of the characteristics of the particles, which may be attributable to the difference in the chemical composition of the species involved.…”

Response surface methodology: a powerful tool for optimizing the synthesis of metal sulfide nanoparticles for dye degradation

“…97 Economical and efficient nanoparticle production (Fig. 14), such as CdS 98 and ZnS, 99 is achievable through Fusarium oxysporum's extracellular process, owing to its enhanced bioaccumulation of metal ions. 69 Recent studies reveal that besides fungi, yeast is utilized for biogenic synthesis due to its innate ability to assimilate toxic metal ions from the environment.…”

Antibacterial efficacy of Rumex dentatus leaf extract-enriched zinc oxide and iron doped zinc nanoparticles: a comparative study

“…Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibit noteworthy efficacy against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This effectiveness is attributed to their capacity to generate ROS, including cytotoxic effects on bacterial cells [2][3][4]. The remarkable antibacterial activity observed in ZnO NPs can be attributed to the possession of a low-energy band gap, leading to increased production of ROS [5].…”