Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Crude Extracts of Three Togolese Medicinal Plants Against Esbl Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains

Abstract

Background: Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth., Securidaca longepedunculata Fresn and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schlt are three plants widely used in the Togolese traditional medicine to treat microbial infections. Some studies reported their antibacterial activity alone but until know there no data concerning their possible interaction with conventional antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the association of the crude extracts of the three plants with some conventional antibiotics. We further evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts on rat's model. Materials and methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution assay and the Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) determined by the checkerboard method. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The antioxidant activities and the phenol contents were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: The MICs of hydroethanolic extract of plants ranged from 3.125 to 100 mg/mL on Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Synergistic action was observed only with the combination of Imipenem/P. dulce, imipenem/C. sanguinolenta, amikacin/P. dulce and amikacin/C. sanguinolenta against the ESBL negative Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Of the 21 associations, 15 were antagonistic on the ESBL-producing strains. The indifference effect was observed with the combination of the extract of Securidaca longepedunculata and the following antibiotics imipenem, amikacin, tetracyclin, ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxim; and Sulfametoxazol+Trimethoprim. The in vitro anti-inflammatory with Lipoxygenase inhibition activity was best with C. sanguinolenta extract while the in vivo paw edema model revealed that S. longepedunculata was the highest reducer of paw edema. In addition white blood cells count and biochemical parameters such as total proteins and immunoglobulins were significantly affected by the administration of plant extracts. Conclusion: This study revealed that the three plants although they may inhibit the bacterial growth by themselves, but there is also a possible synergistic action with the commercial antibiotics. Further investigations are needed to identify the active compounds and their mechanism of action.

In vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Annona senegalensis hydro-alcoholic extract

“…The diversity observed in the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to the extracts could be explained first by the capsule surrounding the bacteria presence as a natural protection [36]. Difference between our results and those obtained with methanol and ethanol extracts is explained by the fact that hydro-alcoholic extract (50:50) would not have been able to extract sufficient the active ingredients extracted acting microbe with methanol and ethanol.…”

Evaluating phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum, and Porphyrostemma chevalieri extracts

“…Total flavonoid content was determined according to the methods described by previous studies [ 18 , 19 ]. One hundred microliters of sample and 100 μl of AlCl 3 (2%) were mixed in 96 micro-well plate and incubated for 10 min.…”

“…The assay was performed as described by Refs. [ 18 , 19 ]. Briefly, from 100 μg/mL extracts diluted in methanol, a series of eight successive dilutions was made.…”

“…The reducing power of the methanolic extracts was determined according to the FRAP method previously described [ 18 , 19 ]. In a test tube, 0.5 mL of extract was mixed with 1.25 mL of phosphate buffer (0.2 mol/L, pH 6.6) and 1.25 mL of 1% aqueous potassium hexacyanoferrate.…”

Traditional fruits of South India: Bioactive components and their potential health implications in chronic diseases

“…Studies has been confirmed that the presence of steroids, saponins, lipids, phospholipids, glycosides, glycolipids, and polysaccharides have been reported in the seeds and bark contains tannins of catechol type and quericitin, kaempferol, dulcitol, and afezilin have been found in the leaves (Kumar, Nehra, & Duhan, 2013). Because of the above mentioned phytochemical constituents it has been reported to be a folk remedy for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial, viral, and fungal infection (Mule, Naikwade, Magdum, & Jagtap, 2016b; Pal, Pal, Manna, & Sil, 2012; Toudji et al., 2018). In addition, it has been reported to be used as astringent in dysentery, febrifuge, dermatitis, and eye inflammation (Selvan & Muthukumaran, 2011).…”