Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of &lt;i&gt;Xylocarpus granatum&lt;/i&gt; Stem Barks

Alam, Md. Ashraful; Sarder, M.M.; Awal, Mohammad Abdul; Sikder, Md. Mahmudul Hasan; Daulla, KA

doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1529

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Daula and Basher[27] demonstrated the plant rootlet and shoot growth inhibitory activity as well as antimicrobial activity of the species from Bangladeshi Sundarban. The antimicrobial potential of the plant is in line with the studies reported by Alam et al .,[28] and Wangensteen et al . [3] Potent broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also reported by Uddin et al .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Biological activities and chemical constituents of some mangrove species from Sundarban estuary: An overview

Simlai¹,

Roy²

2013

Phcog Rev

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This review represents the studies performed on some beneficial mangrove plants such as Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Sarcolobus globosus, Sonneratia caseolaris and Acanthus ilicifolius from the Sundarban estuary spanning India and Bangladesh with regard to their biological activities and chemical investigations till date. Sundarban is the largest single chunk of mangrove forest in the world. The forest is a source of livelihood to numerous people of the region. Several of its plant species have very large applications in the traditional folk medicine; various parts of these plants are used by the local people as cure for various ailments. Despite such enormous potential, remarkably few reports are available on these species regarding their biological activities and the active principles responsible for such activities. Though some chemical studies have been made on the mangrove plants of this estuary, reports pertaining to their activity-structure relationship are few in number. An attempt has been made in this review to increase the awareness for the medicinal significance as well as conservation and utilization of these mangrove species as natural rich sources of novel bioactive agents.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Biological activities and chemical constituents of some mangrove species from Sundarban estuary: An overview

Simlai¹,

Roy²

2013

Phcog Rev

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“…This fact may therefore explain their activity against the different microbes such as bacteria and effects on animal systems. The demonstration of antibacterial activity against gram negative, gram positive bacteria and protozoa in a plant may indicate presence of a broad spectrum of active compounds (Alam et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical fingerprints of five crude extracts obtained from indigenous medicinal plants of Uganda

Katuura¹,

Bossa²,

Waako³

et al. 2017

Res. Pharm. Biotech.

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Five crude extracts from four Ugandan plants were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition. They included the chloroform extracts of Bothliocline longipes, Maesa lanceolata, Trimeria bakeri, Rhus natalensis and the petroleum ether extract of T. bakeri. The plant crude extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 49619) and Entamoeba sp. Antimicrobial activities of the plants were determined by using the agar well diffusion and agar well dilution methods. The plant extracts showed activity against all the tested organisms with the zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 19 mm. All the extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus while the strongest activity was found for T. bakeri against S. aureus and Entamoeba sp. at 19 mm. Other plant extracts that induced strong antimicrobial activity were the chloroform extract of R. natalensis with an inhibition diameter of 13 mm against both S. aureas and P. aeruginosa and 9 mm diameter inhibition against E. coli. Only T. bakeri showed growth inhibition of S. aureus (4 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed against S. aureus at 0.25 g/ml by the T. bakeri and B. longipes plant extracts. Sterol and triterpenes, fatty acids, flavanoids, coumarins and alkaloids were determined in T. bakeri, B. longipes, R. natalensis and M. lanceolata. The presence of these compounds indicates that the plants may contain an active compound or one that can be used as a template for the development of a new antimalarial or antibiotic medicine.

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“…Several pharmacological activities have been assigned to this plant viz. anti-diarrheal (Rouf et al 2007), anti-cholera, antibacterial (Alam et al 2006) antimalarial (Omar et al 2003), anti-pyretic and as an astringent and emollient (Yusuf et al 1994). Seed ash is mixed with sulphur and coconut oil and applied as ointment for itch (Chopra et al 1956).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gedunin and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi in experimental rodent host

et al. 2011

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The present study is aimed to evaluate antifilarial activity of Xylocarpus granatum (fruit from Andaman) against human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi in vivo. The in vitro antifilarial activity has already been reported earlier for this mangrove plant which has traditionally been used against several ailments. Aqueous ethanolic crude extract, four fractions (ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, water-soluble fraction and water-insoluble fraction) and pure molecule/s of X. granatum (fruit) were tested in vitro on adult worms and microfilariae (mf) of B. malayi and the active samples were further evaluated in vivo in B. malayi (intraperitoneally) i.p. transplanted in the jird model (Meriones unguiculatus) and Mastomys coucha subcutaneously infected with infective larvae (L3). The crude aqueous ethanolic extract was active in vitro (IC50: adult = 15.46 μg/ml; mf = 13.17 μg/ml) and demonstrated 52.8% and 62.7% adulticidal and embryostatic effect on B. malayi, respectively, in Mastomys at a dose of 5 × 50 mg/kg by oral route. The antifilarial activity was primarily localized in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction which revealed IC50 of 8.5 and 6.9 μg/ml in adult and mf, respectively. This fraction possessed moderate adulticidal and embryostatic action in vivo in Mastomys. Out of eight pure molecules isolated from the active fraction, two compounds gedunin (IC50 = 0.239 μg/ml, CC50 = 212.5 μg/ml, SI = 889.1) and photogedunin (IC50 = 0.213 μg/ml, CC50 = 262.3 μg/ml, SI = 1231.4) at 5 × 100 mg/kg by subcutaneous route revealed excellent adulticidal efficacy resulting in to the death of 80% and 70% transplanted adult B. malayi in the peritoneal cavity of jirds respectively in addition to noticeable microfilaricidalo action on the day of autopsy. The findings reveal that the extract from the fruit X. granatum contains promising in vitro and in vivo antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarial parasite B. malayi which could be attributed to the presence of two pure compounds gedunin and photogedunin.

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Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of <i>Xylocarpus granatum</i> Stem Barks

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Biological activities and chemical constituents of some mangrove species from Sundarban estuary: An overview

Biological activities and chemical constituents of some mangrove species from Sundarban estuary: An overview

Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical fingerprints of five crude extracts obtained from indigenous medicinal plants of Uganda

Gedunin and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi in experimental rodent host

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