Antibacterial Activity Of Shin’iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang) And its Components Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Objective: Shin'iseihaito (xinyiqingfeitang in Chinese, SSHT), a formula in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine and Chinese medicine comprising nine crude drugs, Gypsum, Ophiopogon Tuber, Scutellaria Root (SR, root of Scutellaria baicalensis), Gardenia Fruit, Anemarrhena Rhizome, Lilium Bulb, Magnolia Flower, Loquat Leaf, and Cimicifuga Rhizome (CR, rhizome of Cimicifuga heracleifolia), is commonly used to treat sinusitis associated with purulent nasal discharge and reddish nasal mucosa. We evaluated anti-bacterial activity of SSHT extract on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one cause of bacterial sinusitis. Materials and Methods: Sterile paper disks impregnated with SSHT extract, the combination of crude drugs composing SSHT according to the traditional pharmacological theory, or each component were placed on Mueller-Hinton agar plates inoculated with several strains of MRSA isolated from the patients. The diameter of inhibitory zone was measured after 18-24 h incubation. Results: SSHT extract showed antibacterial activity against 128/190 (66.8%) MRSA clinical isolates. The effect of the extract of SSHT without heat-clearing drugs (SSHT-HC) or without exterior-releasing drugs (SSHT-ER) were significantly lower than that of SSHT extract. Each water extract of SR, Loquat Leaf, Magnolia Flower and CR showed significant anti-MRSA activity, and SR extract exhibited the largest inhibitory zone. Conclusions: SSHT has antibacterial activity against MRSA clinical isolates, and SR mainly contributes to the antibacterial activity of SSHT against MRSA clinical isolates.

Shin’iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang) extract ameliorates ovalbumin-induced murine allergic rhinitis by regulating cytokines

“…This formula is described in the guideline of OTC Kampo medicine published from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, 2012 c The decoctions were prepared according to Materials and Methods, and the ratios of dried weight of the extract yielded to the weight of original crude drug are shown. These results are reported in our previous study [14] Origin of crude Table 2 Weight and the ratio of the extract yielded of each modified shin'iseihaito prescription a Weight of each crude drug mixture related to the dairy dosage of shin'iseihaito b The decoctions were prepared according to Materials and Methods, and the ratios of dried weight of the extract yielded to the weight of original crude drug mixture are shown. These results are reported in our previous study [14] c Abbreviations are the same as…”

“…These results are reported in our previous study [14] Origin of crude Table 2 Weight and the ratio of the extract yielded of each modified shin'iseihaito prescription a Weight of each crude drug mixture related to the dairy dosage of shin'iseihaito b The decoctions were prepared according to Materials and Methods, and the ratios of dried weight of the extract yielded to the weight of original crude drug mixture are shown. These results are reported in our previous study [14] c Abbreviations are the same as…”

“…In our previous studies, we clarified that shin'iseihaito extract (SSHT) reduced the levels of eosinophils, serum IgE, and IL-4, while increased the levels of serum interferon (IFN)-γ in OVA-induced allergic mice [13]. Our results also showed that passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction model induced with allergic serum in a murine model was significantly reduced by SSHT [14]. However, these findings are not local intranasal allergic reaction but the systemic allergic reactions.…”

“…Human dairy dosage of shin'iseihaito is composed of Gypsum fibrosum (GF), the dried tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ), the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), the dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (AA), the dried fruit of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ), the dried bulb of Lilium lancifolium (LL), the dried flower of Magnolia salicifolia (MS), the dried leaf of Eriobotrya japonica (EJ), and the dried rhizome of Cimicifuga heracleifolia (CH) (Table 1) [14]. All crude drugs are standardized by Japanese Pharmacopoeia 17th Edition [15].…”

“…The providers and lot numbers of these crude drugs were shown in our previous study [16]. The mixture of these crude drugs was boiled in 20-times weight of distilled water for 30 min and filtrated, lyophilized, and the dried powdered extract (SSHT) were obtained, and the ratios of the extract yielded are shown in Table 1 [14], and the fingerprint pattern of SSHT was shown in our previous study [17]. The mixtures of eight crude drugs of modified shin'iseihaito formulas were prepared by removing one crude drug from the daily dosage of shin'iseihaito, and the extracts were prepared as the same ways (Table 2) [14].…”