Antibacterial Activity of Polymer Nanocomposites Incorporating Graphene and Its Derivatives: A State of Art

Abstract

The incorporation of carbon-based nanostructures into polymer matrices is a relevant strategy for producing novel antimicrobial materials. By using nanofillers of different shapes and sizes, and polymers with different characteristics, novel antimicrobial nanocomposites with synergistic properties can be obtained. This article describes the state of art in the field of antimicrobial polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Taking into account the vast number of articles published, only some representative examples are provided. A classification of the different nanocomposites is carried out, dividing them into acrylic and methacrylic matrices, biodegradable synthetic polymers and natural polymers. The mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of graphene and its derivatives are also reviewed. Finally, some applications of these antimicrobial nanocomposites are discussed. We aim to enhance understanding in the field and promote further work on the development of polymer-based antimicrobial nanocomposites incorporating graphene-based nanomaterials.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains in device associated nosocomial infection and their in vitro killing by nanocomposites

“…We tested the antibacterial activity of carbon quantum dots decorated dual Z-scheme Manganese Indium Sulphide/Cuprous Oxide/Silver oxide Nanocomposites using the agar well diffusion assay and by enumerating the CFUs as described earlier. Different concentration of nanocomposite (1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml & 5 mg/ml) was used [ [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Lipid-, Metal-, Carbon-, and Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications

“…The intrinsic characteristics of GO, including its availability as single-atomic-thick sheets, high hydrophilicity, extraordinary electrical, thermal, mechanical, structural properties, and low systemic toxicity could potentially reduce membrane biofouling issues for water decontamination or filtration [ 320 , 321 ]. GO–Ag nanocomposites are also a promising membrane surface modifier that contributed to enhanced membrane hydrophilicity, wettability and permeability, and good water influx [ 322 , 323 , 324 , 325 ]. Surface modification of membranes using GO/Ag nanocomposites exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities than AgNP-modified membranes and GO-modified membranes, without significantly altering the membrane transport properties [ 326 ].…”

“…This is due to the substantial property enhancements and their ability to interact with various metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. Díez-Pascual and Luceño-Sánchez described several antibacterial applications of GO–polymer nanocomposites [ 325 ].…”

Electropolymerization of [N-(1, 3-thiazo-2-yl)] maleamic acid and their Nanocomposite with Graphene Oxide as Protective Coating against Corrosion and Antibacterial Action

“…The results of the antibacterial activities of poly (NTM) with and without graphene oxide coatings against different bacteria are listed in Table (3). The data indicated a good inhibition for polymer with GO against S.aureus and E.coli, compare with the pure polymer [36].…”