Antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae against fish pathogenic Vibrio species

Abstract

In mariculture, diseases of microbial origin can cause significant economic losses worldwide; the evolution of microorganism resistance to antibiotics has resulted in a growing need for new antibacterial compounds that are effective in veterinary medicine and characterized by limited undesirable side effects. Increased attention has recently been turned to seaweeds as a promising source for metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Vibriosis is a common disease, caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio, that can result in high mortality in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to identify seaweeds with antibacterial activity against some pathogenic Vibrio species, in order to identify a possible alternative to the commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture. Chloroform/methanol lipidic extracts of six seaweed species (Chaetomorpha linum, Cladophora rupestris, Gracilaria dura, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilariopsis longissima, Ulva prolifera) were tested for their antibacterial activities against six fish pathogenic Vibrio species using the disc diffusion method. Different susceptibilities to lipidic algal extracts were observed. All six of the seaweed extracts tested demonstrated inhibition of Vibrio ordalii. The best was that from Gracilariopsis longissima, showing activity against Vibrio ordalii, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. The results confirmed the potential use of seaweed extracts as a source of antibacterial compounds or as a health-promoting feed for aquaculture.

The Potential Exploitation of the Mediterranean Invasive Alga Caulerpa cylindracea: Can the Invasion Be Transformed into a Gain?

“…Sterile paper discs, 6 mm in diameter (AA; Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, Kent, UK), were impregnated with 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100 μL of each extract and left to air-dry at room temperature for 4 h, as already described by Cavallo et al [87]. By contrast, discs impregnated with an equivalent volume of carrier solvent were used as controls.…”

Characterization of antibacterial activity from protein hydrolysates of the macroalga Saccharina longicruris and identification of peptides implied in bioactivity

“…Indeed, among the aquatic organisms, marine macroalgae represent a rich source of natural antimicrobials (Cox, Abu-Ghannam, & Gupta, 2010;Gupta & Abu-Ghannam, 2011). Antimicrobial activities of seaweed extracts, which displayed an action against a number of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, have been previously reported in several studies (Boisvert, Beaulieu, Bonnet, & Pelletier, 2015;Cavallo et al, 2013;Cox, Hamilton, Rajauria, Abu-Ghannam, & Jaiswal, 2014;Gupta & Abu-Ghannam, 2011;Gyawali & Ibrahim, 2014;Mohamed, Hashim, & Rahman, 2012). The most common compounds identified to be responsible for the antibacterial activity of seaweeds are phenolic or lipophilic in nature, fatty acids, secondary metabolites mostly terpenes, alkaloids, polyphenolics and phlorotannins (Ara, Sultana, Qasim, Ehteshamul-Haque, & Ahmad, 2005;Eom, Kim, & Kim, 2012;Gupta & Abu-Ghannam, 2011), which are often halogenated (Watson & Cruz-Rivera, 2003), isoprenoid metabolites (Paul & Puglisi, 2004), hydrogen peroxide (Weinberger & Friedlander, 2000) and lectin (Holanda et al, 2005;Liao, Lin, Shieh, Jeng, & Huang, 2003).…”

Marine Fungi Against Aquaculture Pathogens and Induction of the Activity via Co‐Culture

“…Vibrio anguillarum is responsible for the most common disease outbreaks in fish and shellfish, called vibriosis. These microorganisms can also accumulate in the reared animal's flesh and become a serious threat for human health . Yersinia ruckeri is another major pathogenic bacterium for fish and widely found throughout the world.…”

“…On the other hand, the heavy use of antibiotics that are used for prevention or treatment has caused the problems worldwide in aquaculture, such as, environmental toxicity, aquatic pollution, and high cost of production . Particularly, increased use of antibiotics in aquaculture, as well as in humans and animals, has resulted in the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and the transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogenic bacteria .…”

“…Hence, substantial attention has been focused on developing a more effective and safer use of antibiotics. Accordingly, use of natural products derived from marine organisms appears to be a possible alternative solution and has potential for development of new drugs .…”