Antibacterial Activity of Juglone against Staphylococcus aureus: From Apparent to Proteomic

Abstract

The proportion of foodborne disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms is rising worldwide, with staphylococcal food poisoning being one of the main causes of this increase. Juglone is a plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. However, the specific mechanism underlying its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism underlying its antibacterial activity, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation methods of quantitative proteomics were applied for analysis of the 53 proteins that were differentially expressed after treatment with juglone. Combined with verification experiments, such as detection of changes in DNA and RNA content and quantification of oxidative damage, our results suggested that juglone effectively increased the protein expression of oxidoreductase and created a peroxidative environment within the cell, significantly reducing cell wall formation and increasing membrane permeability. We hypothesize that juglone binds to DNA and reduces DNA transcription and replication directly. This is the first study to adopt a proteomic approach to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of juglone.

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Sublethally Injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells Induced by High Pressure Carbon Dioxide

“…Proteins involved in DNA replication and repair were all down-regulated in the SICs compared with CK L (Table 1 ), indicating the SICs had a lower DNA replication and repair activity. Similar results were found by others (Wu et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). Wang et al ( 2016 ) found that all proteins in related to DNA replication and transcription in S. aureus cells were down-regulated after treatment with juglone for 2 h. Wu et al ( 2012 ) found that four proteins involved in DNA replication of Lactobacillus casei were down-regulated to lactic acid treatment at pH 3.5.…”

“…Similar results were found by others (Wu et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). Wang et al ( 2016 ) found that all proteins in related to DNA replication and transcription in S. aureus cells were down-regulated after treatment with juglone for 2 h. Wu et al ( 2012 ) found that four proteins involved in DNA replication of Lactobacillus casei were down-regulated to lactic acid treatment at pH 3.5. The decrease in DNA replication might have a protective effect on the nuclear region while the decrease in repair activity might induce more mutation, which might have a higher resistance to the HPCD stress and survive.…”

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antibacterial Mechanism of Limonene against Listeria monocytogenes

“…The damage of limonene on the cell membrane of L. monocytogenes was further explored by determining the content of intracellular soluble protein in cells, and SDS-PAGE verified the results [18]. As shown in Figure 6A, the protein concentration of the control group increased with the growth of bacteria during 0-9 h and then decreased at 12 h. The addition of limonene (1 MIC) caused a sharp decrease in the protein concentration of L. monocytogenes from 0-12 h (p < 0.05).…”

“…The precipitation was discarded, and the supernatant of 3 mL was removed from the centrifugal tubes. Finally, a MICroplate reader determined the absorbance of DNA and RNA macromolecule substances in the supernatant (Flash Spectrum Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) at 260 nm [18].…”

Juglone reduces growth and migration of U251 glioblastoma cells and disrupts angiogenesis

“…Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) is a natural compound isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim ( 8 ). Several studies have shown that it has various pharmacological effects such as anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anticancer properties ( 9 , 10 ). Moreover, many experiments have demonstrated that it irreversibly inhibits the enzymatic activity of Pin1 ( 8 , 11 , 12 ).…”