Antibacterial Activity of Endostemon tereticaulis (Poir.) M. Ashby Essential Oil and Ethanolic Extract Against Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Endostemon tereticaulis (poir.) M.Ashby is a species of the Lamiaceae family present in Niger. This plant is used in traditional medicine due to its various biological potentialities. The present study investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and ethanolic extract of Endostemon tereticaulis against resistant pathogenic bacteria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of 43 compounds representing 99.55% of the total essential oil. The major components were caryophyllene oxide (15.17%) followed by α-humulene (13.96%), α-copaene (11.75%), ( E)-β-caryophyllene (8.44%), and δ-cadinene (6.78%). The antibacterial activity was tested against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii P1483, Salmonella spp. H1548, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- Escherichia coli Bu8566, Enterobacter cloacae Bu147, Proteus mirabilis Bu190 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Enterococcus faecium H3434, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus P1123, and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The antibacterial assays revealed that the essential oil was more active than the ethanolic extract against the studied bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 0.06 to 2 mg/mL. Also, the ethanolic extract was effective against the bacteria tested with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.12 to 3 mg/mL. This study showed that Endostemon tereticaulis essential oil is rich in bioactive compounds. Ethanolic extract and essential oil exhibited potential antibacterial activity. These results provide a scientific basis for the use of this plant in traditional medicine. The current study described for the first time the antibacterial activity of Endostemon tereticaulis.

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil From Englerastrum gracillimum Th. C. E. Fries Growing in Niger

“…H1548, Proteus mirabilis Bu190 , Enterobacter cloacae Bu147, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and Gram-positive: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus P1123, Enterococcus faecium H3434 and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), as reported in our previous published work. 37 The reference strains (ATCC: American Type Culture Collection Center, Manassas, Virginia, USA) were obtained from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology of Mohamed VI University Hospital Center in Marrakech (Morocco), and all the clinical strains were isolated and identified at the same Laboratory.…”

“…The essential oil antibacterial activity was evaluated against eleven pathogenic bacterial strains including Gram-negative: multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 37 The reference strains (ATCC: American Type Culture Collection Center, Manassas, Virginia, USA) were obtained from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology of Mohamed VI University Hospital Center in Marrakech (Morocco), and all the clinical strains were isolated and identified at the same Laboratory.…”

The Phytochemical Tactics for Battling Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: Secondary Metabolites and Nano Antibiotics Methods

“…The essential oils of cinnamon, clove, and thyme also have been found to exhibit remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against various types of multidrug-resistant bacteria. [48] Reports show that essential oils and antibiotics have a synergistic interaction. [49] Benameur et al [50] reported that Thymus vulgaris essential oil from Slovakia promised antibacterial activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase, which produced the multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates, either alone or in combination with cefotaxime.…”

“…Similarly, endostemon tereticaulis essential oil and ethanolic extract possessed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The essential oils of cinnamon, clove, and thyme also have been found to exhibit remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against various types of multidrug‐resistant bacteria [48] …”