Antibacterial activity of extracted bioactive molecules of Schinus terebinthifolius ripened fruits against some pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

The aim of this work is to identify the chemical constituents and the bioactivity of essential oil (EO), acetone extract (ACE) and n-hexane extract (HexE) of S. terebinthifolius ripened fruits using GC-MS. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. The toxicity against the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus flavus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sarcina lutea, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined with measuring the inhibition zones (IZs) using the disc diffusion method at the concentrations from 125 to 2000 μg/mL, also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using 96-well micro-plates and ranged from 4 to 2000 μg/mL. The major components in EO were α-pinene (36.9%), and α-phellandrene (32.8%). The major components in ACE were oleic acid (38.7%), α-phellandrene (13.33%), and δ-cadinene (11.1%), while the major methyl esters of fatty acids detected in HexE were oleic (12.8%), and palmitic (10.9%). The EO showed good activity against the growth of Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, the ACE showed broad activity against the studied bacterial pathogens with MIC values ranged from of 4-128 μg/mL against the studied bacterial isolates, while HexE, however, showed weak antibacterial activity. The IC values of EO, ACE and HexE were 15.11 ± 0.99, 118.16 ± 1.7 and 324.26 ± 2.45 μg/mL, respectively, compared to IC of Tannic acid (23.83 ± 1.9 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 2.9 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Data suggested that the ripened fruits of S. terebinthifolius have potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Phytochemical Compounds of Branches from P. halepensis Oily Liquid Extract and S. terebinthifolius Essential Oil and Their Potential Antifungal Activity

“…The monoterpenic or sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives are considered as potential antimicrobial agents by many studies. Thus, these results agree with other previous works [9,18,21,26,75,76].…”

“…Extracts and EOs, especially from fruits, have been studied extensively in dozens of works, e.g., oleic acid, δ-cadinene, α-phellandrene, 1b,5,5,6α-tetramethyloctahydro-6H-indeno [1,2-b]oxiren-6-one, aromadendrene, hexadecanoic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, α-caryophyllene, and germacrene D were the main compounds found in the ethyl ether extract of S. terebinthifolius fruits with good antifungal activity against T. harzianum and A. niger [2]. Acetone extract from ripened fruits with oleic acid, α-phellandrene, and δ-cadinene as main compounds had observed antibacterial activity [26]. Other compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, quercetin, kaempferol, biphenyl esters, and steroids were isolated from the fruits of S. terebinthifolius [27][28][29][30][31], with potential antimicrobial activities.…”

Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Action of Eugenia brejoensis Essential Oil in vitro and in vivo Invertebrate Models

“…As mentioned above, EbEO is mainly composed by sesquiterpenes such as δ-cadinene, β-caryophyllene, α-muurolol, α-cadinol, and bicyclogermacrene (Da Silva et al, 2015). The anti-S. aureus activity of EOs containing these sesquiterpenes is well documented in the literature (Mulyaningsih et al, 2010;Salleh et al, 2015;Guerrini et al, 2016;Nishanbaev et al, 2018;Salem et al, 2018). Our results from time-kill studies demonstrated that EbEO is an antibacterial agent showing a synergetic interaction with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin; and additive effects with ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.…”

Toxicological Activity of Some Plant Essential Oils Against Tribolium castaneum and Culex pipiens Larvae

“…Analysis of the EOs was performed using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) equipped with an Agilent mass spectrometry detector with a direct capillary interface and HP-5MS fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 µm film thickness) (Thermo Scientific, Austin, TX, USA). The program temperature and samples were carried out following previous published works [41,42]. Identification of the constituents was performed based on an mass spectra (MS) library search (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Wiley), and by comparing with data in the MS literature [43,44].…”