Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some South African medicinal plants against multidrug resistant etiological agents of diarrhoea

Abstract

BackgroundThis study evaluated the antibacterial activity of some plants used in folklore medicine to treat diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.MethodsThe acetone extracts of Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Aloe arborescens Mill., A. striata Haw., Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz, Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt., E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh., Hermbstaedtia odorata (Burch. ex Moq.) T.Cooke, Hydnora africana Thunb, Hypoxis latifolia Wight, Pelargonium sidoides DC, Psidium guajava L and Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) van der Merwe were screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi, S. typhi, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri type 1b and Sh. sonnei phase II. A qualitative phytochemical screening of the plants extracts was by thin layer chromatography. Plants extracts were screened for antibacterial activity using serial dilution microplate technique and bioautography.ResultsThe TLC fingerprint indicated the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids in the herbs. Most of the tested organisms were sensitive to the crude acetone extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.018–2.5 mg/mℓ. Extracts of A. striata, C. uncinulata, E. autumnalis and P. guajava were more active against enteropathogens. S. aureus and Sh. flexneri were the most sensitive isolates to the crude extracts but of significance is the antibacterial activity of A. arborescens and P. guajava against a confirmed extended spectrum betalactamase positive S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.ConclusionThe presence of bioactive compounds and the antibacterial activity of some of the selected herbs against multidrug resistant enteric agents corroborate assertions by traditional healers on their efficacies.

Antibacterial activity of total flavonoids from Ilex rotunda Thunb. and different antibacterials on different multidrug-resistant bacteria alone or in combination

“…Multidrug resistance has become a serious problem in the world, an urgent need for research into novel antibacterial agent and the development of efficacious combinations against multidrug-resistant bacterial clinical isolates are becoming more and more important(Oliveira et al, 2017; Bisi-Johnson, Obi, Samuel, Eloff & Okoh, 2017). Plant extracts used in combination with the antibiotic can be water extract, extracts of different solvents in different parts of plant or a serum containing plant extracts (Ahmad & Aqil, 2007).…”

“…In general, the target of antibiotics is single, but bacterial mutation is happening more and more, it is difficult to avoid the resistance mutations in bacteria(Schwarz, Kehrenberg & Walsh, 2001). One of TCM antibacterial characteristics is antibacterial ingredients are varied(Xiong, Li, Wang, Hong, Tang & Luo, 2013), which can inhibit or kill bacteria in different ways at the same time(Khan et al, 2015), so the choice of TCM combined with antibiotics can not only effect for a longer time, have a broad spectrum of antibacterial effect(Bisi-Johnson, Obi, Samuel, Eloff & Okoh, 2017d; Rajakumar, Gomathi, Thiruvengadam, Devi, Kalpana & Chung, 2017; Teanpaisan, Kawsud, Pahumunto & Puripattanavong, 2017), but also can be used as inhibitors of multidrug resistance associated protein targets, promoting antibiotics play a better role, reducing the dosage of antibiotics, further reducing the possibility of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and providing certain clinical medication safety the security(Eumkeb, Tanphonkrang, Sirichaiwetchakoon, Hengpratom & Naknarong, 2017; Eumkeb, Siriwong & Thumanu, 2012; Eumkeb, Siriwong, Phitaktim, Rojtinnakorn & Sakdarat, 2012).…”

Optimization of Cellulase-Assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Corn Bract and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Aactivities

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TFCB was determined by serial dilution microplate method (Bisi-Johnson et al, 2017). The tested concentrations of TFCB were from 0.5 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL.…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Growth Control Properties of Nonoscale Structure Produced from Aloe vera var. littoralis Extract on Clinical Isolates of Salmonella

“…Bisi-Johnson found that African Aloe vera and some other medicinal plants had appropriate antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi , S. enterica serotype Isangi, and other isolates as etiological agents of diarrhea. The isolates were sensitive to crude acetone extracts of African Aloe vera with MIC ranging 0.018 to 2.5 mg/mL [ 33 ].…”