Antibacterial activity of crinane alkaloids from Boophone disticha (Amaryllidaceae)

Compounds from African Medicinal Plants with Activities against Protozoal Diseases: Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis

“…Diverse species (fungi, plants, animals) have yielded several bioactive alkaloids against a broad range of diseases. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] Table 1 summarises the alkaloids (compounds 1 -33) isolated from AMPs and evaluated against these parasitic diseases, while Figures 2 to 5 show a selection of some promising alkaloidal compounds, based on their evaluated activity (< 12.41 µM).…”

“…157 Additionally, the dioncoquinones A (76) and B (77) isolated from Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae) showed good and specific activity against L. major by inhibiting the growth of the parasite at very low concentrations. 158 Klaivanolide (78), from the stems of Uvaria klaineana (Annonaceae), was also reported as a potent molecule (in vitro IC50 values of 1.75 and 3.12 mM, respectively) against sensitive and amphotericin B-resistant promastigote forms of L. donovani. …”

Effects of hippadine on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

“…Crinum macowanii has found extensive use in traditional medicines for the treatment of various illnesses such as oedema, gynaecological conditions, psychosis, wounds, rheumatic fever, cancer, skin diseases, and 'heart disease' (Duncan et al, 1999;Elgorashi et al, 2001Elgorashi et al, , 2002Elgorashi et al, , 2003bVan Wyk, 2011a, 2011b. Crinum macowanii belongs to the large plant family Amaryllidaceae which originates in the Southern African region, and has naturally been used extensively in the local traditional medicines in the region (Chattopadhyay et al, 1983;Boger and Wolkenberg, 2000;Koorbanally et al, 2000;Nair et al, 2000;Hiroya et al, 2004;Ganton and Kerr, 2005;Kissling et al, 2005;Mentzel et al, 2006;Nkanwen et al, 2009;Cheesman et al, 2012;Jin, 2013;van Staden, 2013, 2014). The medicinal properties of the family Amaryllidaceae are largely associated with the vast number of alkaloids that are produced by the plants in the family (Elgorashi et al, 2003a;Nkanwen et al, 2009;Cheesman et al, 2012;Refaat et al, 2012aRefaat et al, , 2012bRefaat et al, , 2012cRefaat et al, , 2013aRefaat et al, , 2013bvan Staden, 2013, 2014).…”

“…Pancratistatin is another alkaloid obtained from this family that has shown potent and cell line specific antiproliferative properties (Jensen et al, 2011;Nair and van Staden, 2013). Some other plants in this family, such as Boophone disticha and Cyclamen purpurascens have displayed novel, broad spectrum antibacterial activity (Cheesman et al, 2012) and may contain antibacterial agents which could be used in the treatment of typhoid fevers and urogenital infections respectively (Nkanwen et al, 2009) of the abundant alkaloids obtained from the family Amaryllidaceae are hypothesized to be responsible for various medicinal properties of the family (Chattopadhyay et al, 1983;Boger and Wolkenberg, 2000;Koorbanally et al, 2000;Nair et al, 2000;Elgorashi et al, 2003a;;Osorio et al, 2010;Cheesman et al, 2012;Refaat et al, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2013a, 2013bJin, 2013 and have shown cardiovascular activity (Mugabo et al, 2001;Andraws et al, 2005;Burger et al, 2009;Rostoff et al, 2010;Jayakumar and Sheu, 2011;Nair et al, 2011;Mugabo et al, 2012). Previously, we have reported positive inotropic effect, with no chronotropic effect (Mugabo et al, 2001) and negative inotropic and chronotropic effects with crude extracts of the bulbs of Crinum macowanii and hippadine respectively, in isolated perfused rat hearts.…”

Pharmacological and toxicological insights to the South African Amaryllidaceae

“…Despite these 737 promising cytotoxic properties, many crinane compounds as 738 shown in Table 1 are known to be toxic compounds (Bastida 739 et al, 2006). In terms of selectivity index (SI) evaluation, distich-740 amine 13 for example exhibited an IC 50 value of 2.2 lM against 741 cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cancer cells (Nair et al, 2012b) 742 and 200 lM against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bac-743 terium (Cheesman et al, 2012) with a low SI value of 0.01. 744 Lycorine 3 (Scheme 1) was amongst the first of these com- 745 pounds to exhibit such activity as demonstrated by its inhibitory 746 effects towards cell division and cell elongation (De Leo et al,747 1973), as well as protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells (Jimenez 748 et al, 1976).…”