Antibacterial Activity of Constituents from Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana Fruit Pericarp against Several Channel Catfish Pathogens

Abstract

Bacterial diseases cause major financial damage to the producers of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern USA. The two most common bacterial diseases among pond-raised Channel Catfish are enteric septicemia of catfish, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, and columnaris disease, caused by the rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare. Streptococcosis is another, less-common bacterial disease in catfish and is caused by the gram-positive coccus Streptococcus iniae. Catfish farmers typically rely on commercial antibiotics and other chemicals to prevent the economic damage from these diseases. Environmentally benign and efficacious alternatives to the currently used antibiotics and chemicals will tremendously help the catfish aquaculture industry. As part of our ongoing efforts in the search for such novel compounds, we investigated ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of mangosteen Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp via bioassay-guided fractionation. Gamma-mangostin (γ-mangostin) was isolated and identified as the most promising active metabolite against F. columnare. One of the constituents in the mangosteen fruit pericarp, alpha-mangostin (α-mangostin), is the major xanthone; α-mangostin was found to be 10-fold less active than γ-mangostin when minimum inhibitory concentration values were compared.

Supplementation of Curcuma longa hydrolate improves immunomodulatory response in Nile tilapia reared in a recirculation aquaculture system

“…Such substitutes can be administered in the form of extracts, essential oils, or aqueous extract, the product of hydrolysis. Such alternative therapeutics exhibit antimicrobial (Meepagala andSchrader, 2018), antiparasitic (Valentim et al, 2018) and immunomodulatory (Song et al, 2018) activities in fish.…”

Mangostanin, a Xanthone Derived from Garcinia mangostana Fruit, Exerts Protective and Reparative Effects on Oxidative Damage in Human Keratinocytes

“…The biological relevance of the properties of the mangosteen fruit is widely known in natural medicine. It is reported as a natural regulator of biological functions, thanks to the antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties observed [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19]. The unique nutritional composition of mangosteen could have a major impact in the design of novel food supplements [39,40].…”

“…Chloroform and methanol extracts of mangosteen arils showed a very similar HPLC profile, which led to the isolation of compounds 1-5. The remaining compounds (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) were isolated in the chloroform and methanol extracts of mangosteen shells which afforded also compounds 2, 3, and 5.…”

“…Despite the varied chemical composition of the mangosteen, many scientists are directing their research toward the isolation of the phytochemical compounds most represented in the mangosteen fruit, the xanthones, which may be responsible for its prodigious qualities. For the 68 xanthones that have been cataloged so far, multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have been conducted with the aim of better understanding and identifying their multiple biological effects (antioxidant [8], antibacterial [9], anti-inflammatory [10,11], neuroprotective [12], hypoglycemic [13,14], anti-obesity [15], cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer [16][17][18][19]). At the same time, several in vivo studies on mangosteen fruit extracts and its purified compounds, demonstrated the total absence of acute or chronic toxicity [20,21], confirming what has already been observed by the consumption of mangosteen for over 100 years.…”

Phenolic substances as regulators of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes of the strains Pleurotus eryngii, Fistulina hepatica and Agrocybe cylindracea

“…Among the most common diseases, a special place is occupied by columnaris, which is recognized as a serious threat to the health of both wild and cultured freshwater fish (Lange et al, 2019(Lange et al, , 2020Tan et al, 2019). The disease is accompanied by high mortality and causes significant losses in aquaculture (Meepagala et al, 2018;Kitiyodom et al, 2019). Complex interactions between the host, pathogen and environment have been found to affect the virulence of opportunistic microbiota (Declercq et al, 2013;Ashrafi et al, 2018).…”