Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from the Egyptian Untapped Green Alga Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum

Morsi, Hanaa H.; El-Sabbagh, Sabha M.; Mehesen, Ahlam A.; Mohamed, Ahmed Dahir; Alharbi, Maha; Elkelish, Amr; El‐Sheekh, Mostafa M.; Saber, Abdullah A.

doi:10.3390/w15112030

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Greenway and Dyke [ 58 ] and Elshobary et al [ 12 ] suggested that linoleic acid probably inhibited growth by increasing the permeability of the bacterial membrane as a result of its surfactant action. Linoleic acid was also stated as a model compound of unsaturated fatty acids that selectively inhibited the FabI enzyme and therefore could stop fatty acid production in bacterial membranes [ 59 ]. All nine major components have documented biological activities or medical benefits, including immune-enhancing, antitumor, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects, as mentioned in Table 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silybum marianum L. Seed Extracts on Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

El-Sapagh,

Allam,

El-Sayed

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Wound infections became a great challenge, especially after the emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Medicinal plants can be the source of alternative antibacterial agents effective against multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different Silybum marianum seed extracts in fighting MDR bacteria that infect wounds. First, thirty purified bacterial cultures obtained from superficial, infected wounds were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests. The selected MDR isolates were then used to test the antimicrobial effects of different S. marianum seed extracts. The most potent extract was evaluated for its impact on the ultrastructure of the cells of sensitive bacterial isolates using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bioactive ingredients of this extract were analyzed by means of gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Then, in-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties were predicted for the main components. The results indicated that four out of 30 bacterial isolates were considered MDR bacteria. Primary morphological features of colonies, secondary (automatic) identification using the Biomerieux Vitek 2 System, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the four isolates confirmed that they represent Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among different extracts of S. marianum seeds, ethanol extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 9.375 and 1.172 mg/mL. However, at concentrations four times higher, this extract was unable to kill bacterial cells, indicating that it had a bacteriostatic effect on the tested MDR strains. TEM revealed denaturation and distorted cell ultrastructure in S. aureus and S. maltophilia after exposure to ethanol extract. In addition, GC–MS analysis of the ethanol extract identified nine compounds known to have important biological activities, and ADMET analysis showed good drug-likeness for two of these compounds. Consequently, S. marianum seeds could be a good source of alternative bacteriostatic agents effective against MDR bacterial strains that cause wound infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Silybum marianum L. Seed Extracts on Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

El-Sapagh,

Allam,

El-Sayed

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…(Chlorophyta) are widely distributed worldwide (Leal et al, 2020), and most Rhizoclonium strains are found in freshwater environments, with a few species that can tolerate medium-to-high salinity conditions (Saber et al, 2017). These algae have been described as an important source of bioactive molecules (Osuna-Ruiz et al, 2019), and have exhibited antibacterial activity compared to standard antibiotics (Morsi et al, 2023). However, the ability of Rhizoclonium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) elimination in a pond inhabited by freshwater algae of the Rhizoclonium genus

Khromykh,

Marenkov,

Sharamok

et al. 2023

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Military operations over large areas of Ukraine lead to release of explosives and their derivatives into the environment with subsequent accumulation in natural and artificial water bodies, which unwittingly serve as reservoirs for collecting pollutants from the catchment area. The need to restore aquatic ecosystems dictates the search for efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for the elimination of explosives, which corresponds to the processes of biological treatment. In this work, we examined the ability of common freshwater algae of the genus Rhizoclonium to detoxify 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) under model conditions of water pollution (at a TNT concentration of 100 mg/L). The exposure time of the algae to TNT was 48 hours, during which the content of TNT and nitrites in the aqueous medium was monitored, as well as the content of chlorophyll and the activity of glutathione S-transferase in plant tissues. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene was extracted from the aqueous medium with toluene, followed by separation in a separatory funnel, removal of residual water with sodium sulfate, and reduction of the extract volume using a rotary evaporator. The decrease in the concentration of TNT, established by GC-MS technique, was 66.4% by the end of the experiment, while the content of nitrites increased almost 15-fold. In the algae cells, a threefold increase in the enzymatic activity was observed already in the second hour of exposure, followed by a gradual decrease and maintenance at a level of 50% of the control until the end of the experiment. The total chlorophyll content increased significantly from the sixth hour of exposure to the end of the experiment due to an increase in the content of chlorophyll b. The results obtained indicate the efficient biodegradation process and prospects of using algae of the genus Rhizoclonium for cleaning water bodies contaminated with TNT.

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“…were characterized and identified for the antioxidant and anticancer effects [16] . The ethanolic extract of Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum had the strongest antibacterial effects and uncovered 30 different bioactive constituents, mainly including long-chain polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), α-linolenic (C18:3; ω-3), and oleic (C18:1, ω-9) acids, which synergistically make this potent antibacterial action [17] . As a consequence of this, researchers are increasingly looking into new functional uses for the lipids that microalgae store but are unrelated to the creation of bioenergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive compounds from fresh water green macro algae of Ganga water

Soni,

Maurya,

Singh

2023

J Pharmacogn Phytochem

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Algae and their extracts are abundant sources of chemicals that are physiologically active. They have long been recognized in the development of novel biotechnology products because of their benefits for people, animals, and plants. The current investigation's goal was to determine whether any bioactive substances were present. To identify and characterize the lipids Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. The National Institute of Standards and Technology library was used to match the mass spectra of the chemicals discovered in the extract. Maximum % area is found for n-Hexadecanoic acid (26.15%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.96%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z, Z Z) -(15.39%), Tetradecanoic acid (5.30%), Phenol, 2, 4-BIS (1,1-Dimethylethyl) -(7.81%), Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis (1, dimethyl ethynyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester (4.23%), Phytol(4.84%), 1-Heptadecene(3.95%), and Pentadecane (3.73%). The biochemical functions of specific bioactive substances have been found in the extracts of the Rhizoclonium species, Hydrodictyon reticulatum species, and Spirogyra species prepared in methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, and MTBE (tert-Butyl Methyl Ether). The outcome of this experiment demonstrates the benefits of using green algae, which have a variety of therapeutic capabilities and are highly recommended as a biological choice with significant pharmaceutical value.

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Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from the Egyptian Untapped Green Alga Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Silybum marianum L. Seed Extracts on Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

Effects of Silybum marianum L. Seed Extracts on Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

Simulating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) elimination in a pond inhabited by freshwater algae of the Rhizoclonium genus

Bioactive compounds from fresh water green macro algae of Ganga water

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