Antibacterial Activity and Physical Properties of Glass-ionomer Cements Containing Antibiotics

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial effects, physical properties and bonding strengths of conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) containing antibiotics and determined the optimal concentration of antibiotics addition for use with the ART approach. Fuji IX GIC was used as a control. Three antibiotic mixtures, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline, were added to powdered GIC (Fuji IX) to obtain concentration ratios of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% w/w. The antibacterial activity of each GIC was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus casei using agar-diffusion methods. The release of antibiotics was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The compressive strength and bonding strength to dentin were measured and compared with those of control samples. The results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test. All tested groups showed a significantly greater inhibition with growth of the selected bacteria in comparison to the control groups (p < 0.01). However, the 3% and 4.5% concentration ratios of antibiotics had significantly lower compressive strength and lower bond strength to dentin than the control group (p = 0.003). The GIC-containing antibiotics were effective in inhibiting S Mutans and L Casei. The addition of a 1.5% antibiotic mixture was optimal to giving appropriate physical and bonding properties.

Antimicrobial properties of conventional restorative filling materials and advances in antimicrobial properties of composite resins and glass ionomer cements—A literature review

“…These include amalgams [12,18,31], calcium hydroxide [31,35,36], polycarboxylate cement [31], composite resin [31], zinc oxide eugenol [31,[37][38][39], glass ionomer cement [27,33,34,37,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. xxx.e3…”

“…The changes in composition carried out to introduce antibacterial properties or leaching of particles may affect the material's strength, making it then unsuitable as a restorative material or restrict its use to nonloadbearing areas [2,27,28]. Another issue may be problems with change in color, as seen with the introduction of silver nanoparticles to light curable resins [2], which may in turn restrict the use of the material to posterior restorations.…”

“…Another property that may be altered is the material's adhesion to the tooth. Decreased bond strength when compared to the conventional material is not ideal as this would increase the chances of micro-leakage and as a result, recurrent decay [27,28].…”

“…Several attempts have been made to introduce antimicrobial properties in restorative materials [26], but some of these attempts resulted in compromized physical properties of the novel material [2,[27][28][29][30]. The changes in composition carried out to introduce antibacterial properties or leaching of particles may affect the material's strength, making it then unsuitable as a restorative material or restrict its use to nonloadbearing areas [2,27,28].…”

Effect of storage time and chlorhexidine addition on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements

“…The GICs indicated for ART have shown reduced antimicrobial activity 5,6,14,15 , and for this reason, the incorporation of antimicrobial agents (chlorhexidine and antibiotics) to the cement has been suggested in several investigations 1,6,[14][15][16][17][18] , in order to increase the effect of these materials against residual microorganisms on cavities after partial caries removal. Chlorhexidine is the antimicrobial agent commonly used in Dentistry due its safety and broad-spectrum bactericidal effect, affecting the growth of gram-positive bacteria especially oral streptococci 19 , gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts, facultative aerobic and anaerobic species 20 .…”