Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Methanol Extract from Kasturi Mango Fruit (Mangifera casturi) on Caries-Causing Bacterium Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

One of the problems frequently found in the oral cavity is dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. Thus far, dental caries is treated using antibiotics. However, the bacterium is known to be resistant to many antibiotics; hence, another alternative is needed. An alternative option is found in the Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of Kasturi mango and find out the mechanism of its action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Kasturi mangoes were macerated using 96% methanol, then the phytochemical compounds were identified qualitatively. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the agar diffusion method, and bioactive compounds were identified using GCMS. The results showed that the methanol extract of Kasturi mango contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponins. In 1 gr/mL of the methanol extract of Kasturi mango fruit has an inhibitory activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with a zone of inhibition of ± 10 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 25% extract. The inhibitory action is suspected to be through a mechanism where holes in the bacterial cell membrane are made. This can be seen from the results of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showing that cell leakage or lysis has occurred. This research also, for the first time, revealed the types of bioactive compounds from the methanol extracts of Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) consisting of 18 compounds with the most abundance is 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural compounds, Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phenyl 4-methyl-1-piperidine carboxylate, and Methyl linolenate.

Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compound Produces by Endophtic Fungi Isolated from Mangifera casturi Kosterm Endemic Plant from South Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…A study conducted by Rosyidah et al (2010) revealed that M. casturi's bark possesses antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Extract and fraction of M. casturi fruit also reported possess antibacterial compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus (Meliana et al 2021) and Streptococcus mutant (Suhendar et al 2019) as well. Moreover, another part of M. casturi such as leaf extract either known to have antibacterial activity against S. mutant ( Khairiyah et al 2019) and Streptococcus san guinis (Sari et al 2020).…”

Potensi Penggunaan Essential Oil dari Tumbuhan di Indonesia dalam Menurunkan Berat Badan

“…[43,45] Alkaloid ditemukan pada konsentrasi minimum di hampir semua tanaman. [40,41,42] Penghambatan adipogenesis sebenarnya masih perlu diteliti lebih spesifik mengenai kedua senyawa ini. [24]…”

Investigating the anti-acne potential of endophytic bacterial extracts isolated from Mangifera casturi in indigenous South Borneo, Indonesia

“…Measurement at 260 nm wavelength was conducted to observe the release of nucleic acids, while the 280 nm wavelength setting was applied to observe protein that emerged from the cells of test bacteria. An increase in the absorbance value after treatment indicated the test bacteria to have undergone lysis and leakage, hence making genetic materials, which took the form of nucleic acids and proteins, scattered and leave the cells (Suhendar et al, 2019).…”