Antibacterial Activity and Bioautographic Evaluation of Extract and Fraction From Tamoenju (Hibiscus Surattensis L.) Leaves

Abstract

Objective: The tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) is one of the plants as traditional medicines to treat infections. Tamoenju leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, a potential antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of tamoenju leaves extract and fraction against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and detect the active compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Bioautography techniques.
 Methods: The sample was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation of ethanol extract using the liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity with various concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, followed by TLC bioautography using n-butanol: acetic acid: aquadest (4:1:1) as the mobile phase and silica gel GF 254 as the stationary phase on the most active fraction. Zones of inhibition showed the sensitivity of the tested microorganisms.
 Results: The results showed the extract, n-hexane, and water fractions were more sensitive to S. typhi, while the ethyl acetate fraction was more sensitive to both bacteria. The zone of inhibition increased with the increasing extract and fractions concentration. The bioautography TLC showed that the compounds that had the potential as antibacterial in the most active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) were flavonoids.
 Conclusion: The extract and fraction of tamoenju leaves have antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. The compounds predicted to have antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria were flavonoids.

Predicting toxicity and conducting molecular docking analysis of compounds from unripe kayu banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca L. var. Kayu) against 3mzd and 2q85 proteins in Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity

“…Chloramphenicol was selected as the reference drug ligand due to its bacteriostatic mechanism of action, with a focus on proteins 3MZD and 2Q85 found in Escherichia coli bacteria (Yuliet et al, 2022). The proteins 3MZD and 2Q85 form peptidoglycan bonds in the synthesis stage of bacterial cell walls.…”

Effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (Hpmc) as Gelling Agent on Physical Characteristics and Antibacterial Potential of Tamoenju Leaves Extract Gel (Hibiscus Surattensis L) Against Staphylococcus Aureus

“…Using a calliper, the cleaned zones that formed were measured. Three attempts were made to complete the test [2].…”

“…Herbal plants in Indonesia consist of various types of plants. One of the herbal plants used by the people in Palu is "tamoenju" leaves is one of the traditional medicinal plants commonly used for diabetes treatment in Indonesia, especially in Central Sulawesi [1,2].…”

“…out a gel planning from tamoenju leaves extract as an antibacterial gel with various concentrations of HPMC as a gelling agent. The antibacterial preparation was made based on previous research [2] was found phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antibacterial properties in tamoenju leaf extract and antibacterial activity was observed before and after it was formulated into a gel preparation that can treat acne using S. aureus bacteria. The concentration of tamoenju extract was selected based on the results of previous studies.…”